Fe0/FeS2活化H2O2快速降解诺氟沙星

通过水热法成功制备具有磁性的Fe⁰/FeS₂复合铁基催化剂,并将其用于构建非均相芬顿体系降解典型的喹诺酮类抗生素(诺氟沙星,NOF)。SEM-Mapping 结果显示,制备的Fe⁰/FeS₂复合材料由Fe和S两种元素组成,形态为颗粒状且尺寸不一。XRD、XPS、Raman和磁学测量系统(VSM)等表征结果表明进一步证明Fe⁰/FeS₂复合材料的成功制备且具有良好的磁性。通过实验得到 Fe⁰/FeS₂/H₂O₂体系降解NOF最优的降解体系为初始pH为5,NOF起始质量浓度20 mg·L⁻¹,Fe⁰/FeS₂ 投加量为0.2 g·L⁻¹,H₂O₂质量浓度0.051 g·L⁻¹。Fe⁰/FeS₂介导的非均相芬顿体系可以快速降解NOF,10 min后的降解率为99.27%,且具有良好的重复利用性,使用 3 次后,NOF 的降解效率仍超过75%。NOF在羟基自由基(·OH)的作用下可能破坏C-F键以及实现哌嗪环和喹诺酮环的开环,最终生成一些小分子物质,如 F⁻、H₂O、CO₂和NO₃⁻等。     

湖泊富营养化模型的研究进展

湖泊的富营养化是全球普遍关注的环境问题之一.湖泊的富营养化模型是防治、修复和治理湖泊富营养化的重要决策工具.按研究的侧重点不同,将湖泊富营养化模型分为简单回归模型、水质模型、生态模型和生态-水动力水质模型,并分别回顾了四类模型的研究进展.最后指出湖泊富营养化模型的发展趋势,强调不确定理论、3S技术、耦合模型是今后湖泊富营养化模型研究的重点,应在此基础上建立通用的模拟、预测、评价和优化模型,为湖泊富营养化管理提供科学依据.     

Effect of straw retention on carbon footprint under different cropping sequences in Northeast China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Inappropriate farm management practices can lead to increased agricultural inputs and changes in atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, impacting...     

泡膜式介质阻挡放电等离子体去除模拟生产废水中的四溴双酚S

为了有效的降解生产废水中的四溴双酚S(TBBPS),采用泡膜式介质阻挡放电等离子体处理装置,研究了放电等离子体对TBBPS降解的影响。分别探讨了放电电压、空气流量、液体流量、活性物质抑制剂对TBBPS降解效果的影响;考察了降解过程中pH、电导率、COD和生物毒性的变化。结果表明,在放电电压为12.5 kV、空气流量为1.8 L·min⁻¹、液体流量为150 mL·min⁻¹时,处理9 min后其TBBPS去除率达到95 %以上;活性物质抑制剂对TBBPS的降解有一定的抑制作用,活性物质$ \cdot {\rm{O}}_2^ - $是反应体系中的主要活性物质;在降解过程中,pH不断下降,电导率不断上升,COD先升高后降低,生物毒性呈下降趋势。紫外-可见分光光度计全波扫描结果表明,TBBPS对应的特征吸收峰随处理时间变小,表明等离子体处理会破坏TBBPS的结构。以上研究结果可为TBBPS的有效降解提供参考。     

利用微拟球藻去除污水中氮磷及生产富油生物质

为探讨污水深度处理和同步获取产油微藻的可行性,建立光生物反应器,应用微拟球藻去除污水和中水中的氮磷,并分析不同浓度的Fe3+和Zn2+离子对微藻的生长和油脂积累的影响,从而在净化污水的同时培养微藻获得富油生物质。结果表明,该藻对污水氮磷具有较强的去除能力,可在13 d内,去除水体中96%的氨氮和94%的磷,同时化学需要氧量(COD)的去除率可达72.9%。在生活污水中培养至第16天,微藻的细胞密度可达4.55×106 cell/mL。Fe3+浓度对微拟球藻的生长具有显著影响(P6 cell/mL。该研究以中水和生活污水为基质培养微拟球藻,同时获取微藻油脂,为污水中氮磷的去除和能源的同步获取提供了新途径。     

Short-duration hydrothermal fermentation of food waste: preparation of soil conditioner for amending organic-matter-impoverished arable soils

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Soil conditioners can be used to compensate for the insufficient soil nutrition and organic matter (OM) of arable soils. However, the traditional...     

Virus retention and transport through Al-oxide coated sand columns: effects of ionic strength and composition

Knowledge of the factors that influence the fate and transport of viruses in porous media is very important for accurately determining groundwater vulnerability and for developing protective regulations. In this study, six saturated sand column experiments were performed to examine the effects of a positively charged Al-oxide, which was coated on sand particles, on the retention and transport of viruses (phiX174 and MS-2) in background solutions of different ionic strength and composition. We found that the Al-oxide coating on sand significantly removed viruses during their transport in a phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution. Mass balance calculations showed that 34% of the input MS-2 was inactivated/irreversibly sorbed on the surface of Al-oxide coated sand whereas 100% of phiX174 was recovered. Results from this study also indicated that higher ionic strength facilitated the transport of both phiX174 and MS-2 through the Al-oxide coated sand. This was attributed to the effect of ion shielding, which at higher ionic strength decreased the electrostatic attraction between the viral particles and the sand surface and consequently decreased virus sorption. Strong effect of the ionic strength indicates that an outer-sphere complexation mechanism was responsible for the virus sorption on the Al-oxide coated sand. Ion composition of the background solutions was also found to be a significant factor in influencing virus retention and transport. Virus transport was enhanced in the presence of phosphate (HPO(4)(2-)) as compared to bicarbonate (HCO(3)(-)), and the effect of HPO(4)(2-) was more significant on MS-2 than on phiX174. The presence of bivalent cations (Ca(2+) and Mg(2+)) increased virus transport because the cations partially screened the negative charges on the viruses therefore decreased the electrostatic attraction between the positively charged sand surface and the negatively charged viruses. Mass recovery data indicated that bivalent cations gave rise to a certain degree of inactivation/irreversibly sorption of phiX174 on the surface of Al-oxide coated sand. On the contrary, the bivalent cations appeared to have protected MS-2 from inactivation/irreversibly sorption. This study provides some insights into the mechanisms responsible for virus retention and transport in porous media.     

Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during heating season in Beijing

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) and their nitrated derivatives(NPAHs) attract continuous attention due to their outstanding carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. In order to investigate the diurnal variations, sources, formation mechanism, and health risk assessment of them in heating season, particulate matter(PM) were collected in Beijing urban area from December 26, 2017 to January 17, 2018. PAHs and NPAHs in PM were quantitatively analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). ...     

土地集约利用程度对华北潮土农田土壤微生物群落丰度和死生物物质积累的影响

土壤微生物决定着土壤生态系统的养分周转状况,其死生物物质在土壤有机碳(SOC)积累中发挥关键作用.然而,目前缺乏对土壤微生物群落丰度及其死生物物质如何响应农业土地集约利用程度调整的了解.为弥补这一知识缺口,基于土地集约化利用程度,设置小麦-玉米周年轮作(CC)、临时草地与小麦种植交替(TG)和多年生草地(PG)这3个处理开展长期定位试验,采用基于数字PCR和微生物标志物氨基糖的检测技术,以探究农业土地集约利用程度调整对土壤细菌和真菌数量,以及细菌、真菌和总微生物死生物物质C积累及其对土壤SOC封存贡献的影响,进一步明确驱动细菌、真菌和总微生物死生物物质C积累的关键因子.结果表明,与土壤细菌群落丰度相比,真菌群落丰度受到农业土地集约利用程度调整的强烈影响,随土地集约利用程度的降低而增加.在3种土地集约利用程度处理下,土壤总微生物死生物物质C均主导SOC积累,对SOC的贡献率分别达到52.78%、 58.36%和68.87%,呈现随土地集约利用程度降低而升高的趋势;真菌死生物物质C占总微生物死生物物质C的比例均大于80%,说明其对总微生物死生物物质C的绝对主导地位,且受土地集约利用程度降低...     

重庆市煤矸山周边农产品镉健康风险评价及土壤环境基准值推导

以重庆市煤矸山周边农用地土壤和农产品（玉米和水稻）为研究对象,测定土壤和农产品（玉米和水稻）中Cd含量,评估摄入农产品（玉米和水稻）对人体的潜在健康风险,并基于物种敏感性分布法（SSD）推导土壤环境基准值.结果表明,重庆煤矸山周边旱地土壤Cd含量超风险筛选值的点位占55.8%,水田土壤Cd含量超风险筛选值的点位占31.6%,土壤Cd以较高生态危害和高生态危害为主,分别占47.4%和36.8%.玉米Cd含量超标点位占4.4%,水稻Cd含量均未超标.健康风险评价表明因食用玉米和水稻摄入Cd的非致癌健康风险可忽略,食用玉米摄入Cd存在可耐受致癌健康风险,食用水稻摄入Cd存在不可耐受致癌健康风险,且玉米和水稻Cd含量敏感度最高.SSD推导出煤矸山周边旱地土壤在pH≤5.5、5.57.5时Cd的环境基准值分别为0.491、0.382、0.376和0.588 mg ·kg^-1,水田土壤Cd的环境基准值为0.807 mg ·kg^-1.水田土壤和旱地土壤pH≤7.5时,现行土壤标准（GB 15618-2018）相对偏严;旱地土壤pH>7.5时,现行土壤标准（GB 15618-2018）相对偏宽松.应加强煤矸山周边土壤Cd污染防治和农产品安全利用研究,并对土壤Cd环境基准值进行适当调整.