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191.
Previous research has established that perceptions of organizational politics are associated with negative organizational outcomes. However, this may not hold true for all individuals. We offer subordinate and supervisor political skill, the ability to understand interactions at work and to use that understanding to effectively influence others, as possible moderators. Specifically, this study investigates the impact of both employees' self‐rated political skill and their managers' political skill on job satisfaction, job performance, and manager‐rated commitment. We examined these relationships in an organizational sample of 106 matched dyadic pairs and found mixed support for the joint moderating effect of self and manager political skill on the politics perceptions‐outcome relationships. Strengths, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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195.
Vives I Müller A Umlauf G Christoph EH Mariani G Skejo H Cenci RM Sena F Beone GM 《Environment international》2008,34(7):994-1000
Trace elements and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were analyzed in soils from rural and light-industrialized sites (n=168) of Province of Pavia (Northern Italy). Most of the trace element values fit in typical ranges of concentrations in soils and are similar to the ones reported for rural sites in Italy or sites with no direct anthropogenic impact. Total concentrations of 2,3,7,8 chlorine substituted PCDD/Fs in superficial soils ranged between 24.4 and 1287 pg g(-1) dw (0.5-28.9 pg WHO(98)-TEQ g(-1) dw). The North Eastern part of the Province presented significantly higher levels (p<0.001) than the rest of the Province for As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Zn and PCDD/Fs. While the existence of a defined heavy metal polluting source for this specific site has been suggested, in the case of PCDD/Fs, profiles were not linked to any specific emission source fingerprint. In the whole extension of Pavia Province, OCDD/F dominated the 2,3,7,8 chlorine substituted congener soil pattern, followed by the 1,2,3,4,6,7,8 hepta-CDD/F congener. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that this profile could not be associated to any described PCDD/F emission source fingerprint and was relatively similar to the baseline deposition of sites with no direct impact of PCDD/F emission sources independently of land use. 相似文献
196.
Ross Kingwell Michele John Michael Robertson 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2008,10(6):899-912
Degradation of farmland caused by salinisation is a major environmental issue in Australia. To combat salinisation a community-based
approach has been adopted. This paper reviews the nature and effectiveness of this approach, describing its rationale, strengths
and weaknesses. The community-based approach is shown to have been highly successful in raising awareness and providing education
about the problem of dryland salinity in Australia, and has encouraged group participation in managing the problem. The approach
has allowed some internalisation of the externalities associated with dryland salinity, with peer group and community pressure
helping to address some salinity problems. However, the approach has not greatly lessened the threat of salinisation. Community
and regional groups continue to receive the bulk of salinity management funding yet it is funding for development of new innovations,
technologies and policies that is also critical to combating salinity. A conclusion is that there may have been an over-investment
in the community-based approach and under-investment in the development of skills and research infrastructure required to
develop innovative solutions to lessen the cost of salinity.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. 相似文献
197.
Diego Rubolini Paolo Galeotti Gabriele Ferrari Michele Spairani Franco Bernini Mauro Fasola 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2006,60(2):212-219
Sperm competition is a well-recognised agent in the evolution of sperm and ejaculate structure, as well as variation in female quality. Models of the evolution of ejaculate expenditure predict that male body condition, female fecundity and the risk and intensity of sperm competition may be the ultimate factors shaping optimal ejaculate size. We investigated sperm allocation in Austropotamobius italicus, a freshwater crayfish exhibiting a coercive mating system and external fertilisation, in relation to male and female traits and copulation behaviour under laboratory conditions. We found that mating males were sensitive to female size and produced larger ejaculates when mating with larger females, which were more fecund in terms of number of eggs produced. We found no evidence for female egg production being sperm-limited, as the number of eggs was not dependent on male sperm expenditure. Copulation duration and number of ejaculations reliably predicted the amount of sperm transferred, and both these behavioural measures positively covaried with female body size. These results indicate that male freshwater crayfish can modulate their sperm expenditure in accordance with cues that indicate female fecundity. In addition, a novel finding that emerged from this study is the decrease in sperm expenditure with male body size, which may either suggest that large, old male crayfish are better able than small males to economise sperm at a given mating to perform multiple matings during a reproductive season, or that they experience senescence of their reproductive performance. 相似文献
198.
Angela Dibenedetto Rosa Lo Noce Carlo Pastore Michele Aresta Carlo Fragale 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2006,3(4):145-148
A new biotechnological synthetic approach to 4-hydroxybenzoic acid is reported. Thauera aromatica cells produce the phenylphosphate carboxylase enzyme that selectively carboxylates phenylphosphate in the para position, without any formation of the ortho isomer. Here we show that the enzyme also works in supercritical carbon dioxide, opening a new technological solution to the recovery of the products that is a key problem when aqueous media are used. The enzyme shows an activity comparable with that shown under CO2 pressure in aqueous media and does not require the presence of NaHCO3. 相似文献
199.
Michele Aresta Angela Dibenedetto Maria Carone Teresa Colonna Carlo Fragale 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2005,3(3):136-139
We compare two different techniques for the extraction of biodiesel from macroalgae: the thermochemical liquefaction and the
extraction using supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2). The first allows to use wet material, while sc-CO2 requires dry material and uses moderate temperature and pressure so that it can be useful for the extraction of thermolabile
compounds which may decompose at the temperature at which thermal methos are carried out. In both cases the extracted oil
was characterized quantitatively and qualitatively. The novelty of the work is that in the literature the use of macroalgae
for the production of biodiesel has not so far been described, while they are used mainly as food or other purposes. 相似文献
200.
Gertjan de Koning Michele Kellerhals Cisca van Meurs Bernard Witholt 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1996,4(4):243-252
Poly[(R)-3-hydroxyalkanoates] (PHAs) are biopolymers stored by bacteria, which are currently receiving much attention because of their potential as renewable and biodegradable plastics. Most well-known representatives are poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] and its copolymers with 3-hydroxyvalerate, which have been commercialized under the trademark Biopol. In addition to these rigid materials, the elastomeric medium-chain length PHAs (mcl-PHAs) produced by fluorescent Pseudomonads are now emerging. The present review aims to survey the important developments concerning research and application prospects of mcl-PHAs. 相似文献