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351.
Alejandro Valladares Germán Manríquez Benjamín A. Suárez-Isla 《Marine Biology》2010,157(12):2731-2738
The pattern of shell shape variation in populations of the mussel, Mytilus chilensis (Hupe 1854) from Southern Chile was analyzed as a function of sample origin (cultivated vs. wild) and latitude, using standard
tools of geometric morphometrics for landmark data. Additionally, posterior adductor muscle index (PAMI), Freeman condition
index and shell thickness were measured in each sample. Highly significant differences in shell shape components were found
among mussel populations. These differences are related to the origin of samples (expansion of the posterior adductor muscle
scar, elongation of the lateral ligament and of the ventral umbo position in non-cultivated samples) and to latitude (more
elongated shells and more extended posterior adductor muscle scar in most southern samples when compared with the northernmost
ones). PAMI and shell thickness were statistically higher in wild population, and Freeman condition index was higher in cultivated
shells. It is suggested that in wild populations of M. chilensis, the mussels may face higher predator pressures and other environmental stress factors. Consequently, individuals may be using
higher energy fraction to reinforce shells and to promote adductor muscle growth at the expense of somatic growth. In contrast,
individuals found in calm aquaculture environments are relatively protected from predators and use most of their assimilated
energy in somatic growth. In turn, this growth depends on changes that covariate with shell morphology. 相似文献
352.
Paisio CE Talano MA González PS Busto VD Talou JR Agostini E 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(8):3430-3439
Introduction
Wastewater derived from leather production may contain phenols, which are highly toxic, and their degradation could be possible through bioremediation technologies.Materials, methods and results
In the present work, microbial degradation of phenol was studied using a tolerant bacterial strain, named CS1, isolated from tannery sediments. This strain was able to survive in the presence of phenol at concentrations of up to 1,000?mg/L. On the basis of morphological and biochemical properties, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis, the isolated strain was identified as Rhodococcus sp. Phenol removal was evaluated at a lab-scale in Erlenmeyer flasks and at a bioreactor scale in a stirred tank reactor. Rhodococcus sp. CS1 was able to completely remove phenol in a range of 200 to 1,000?mg/L in mineral medium at 30 ± 2?°C and pH 7 as optimal conditions. In the stirred tank bioreactor, we studied the effect of some parameters, such as agitation (200?C600 rpm) and aeration (1?C3?vvm), on growth and phenol removal efficiency. Faster phenol biodegradation was obtained in the bioreactor than in Erlenmeyer flasks, and maximum phenol removal was achieved at 400?rpm and 1 vvm in only 12?h. Furthermore, Rhodococcus sp. CS1 strain was able to grow and completely degrade phenols from tannery effluents after 9?h of incubation.Conclusion
Based on these results, Rhodococcus sp. CS1 could be an appropriate microorganism for bioremediation of tannery effluents or other phenol-containing wastewaters. 相似文献353.
The influence of intact (FLT) and photomodified (phFLT) fluoranthene (0.05, 0.5 and 5 μmol l−1) and herbicide Basagran (5, 20, 35 and 50 nmol l−1) on the germination, growth of seedlings and photosynthetic processes in pea plants (Pisum sativum L., cv. Garde) was investigated. The germination was significantly inhibited already by the lowest concentration (0.05 μmol l−1) of FLT and phFLT, while Basagran caused inhibition only in higher concentrations (35 and 50 nmol l−1). The growth of roots was significantly inhibited by higher concentration 5 μmol l−1 of both FLT and phFLT and the shoot of seedlings was significantly influenced only by photomodified form. The length of root and shoot was inhibited already by concentration 5 nmol l−1 of Basagran. Organic compounds applied on chloroplasts suspension influenced primary photochemical processes of photosynthesis. In chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, the significant increase of F0 values and the decrease of FV/FM and ΦII values by application of FLT (0.5 and 5 μmol l−1) and phFLT (0.05, 0.5 and 5 μmol l−1) was recorded. The maximum capacity of PSII (FV/FM) was influenced by the highest (50 nmol l−1) and the effective quantum yield of PSII (ΦII) already by the lowest (5 nmol l−1) concentration of Basagran. Hill reaction activity decreased and was significantly inhibited by higher concentration (0.5 and 5 μmol l−1) of FLT and phFLT and already by the lowest concentration (5 nmol l−1) of Basagran. 相似文献
354.
Vanina A. Angelini Elizabeth Agostini María I. Medina Paola S. González 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(4):2531-2539
2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) is widely distributed in wastewaters discharged from several industries, and it is considered as a priority pollutant due to its high toxicity. In this study, the use of different peroxidase extracts for 2,4-DCP removal from aqueous solutions was investigated. Tobacco hairy roots (HRs), wild-type (WT), and double-transgenic (DT) for tomato basic peroxidases (TPX1 and TPX2) were used to obtain different peroxidase extracts: total peroxidases (TPx), soluble peroxidases (SPx), and peroxidases ionically bound to the cell wall (IBPx). All extracts derived from DT HRs exhibited higher peroxidase activity than those obtained from WT HRs. TPx and IBPx DT extracts showed the highest catalytic efficiency values. The optimal conditions for 2,4-DCP oxidation were pH 6.5, H2O2 0.5 mM, and 200 U mL?1 of enzyme, for all extracts analyzed. Although both TPx extracts were able to oxidize different 2,4-DCP concentrations, the removal efficiency was higher for TPx DT. Polyethylene glycol addition slightly improved 2,4-DCP removal efficiency, and it showed some protective effect on TPx WT after 2,4-DCP oxidation. In addition, using Lactuca sativa test, a reduction of the toxicity of post removal solutions was observed, for both TPx extracts. The results demonstrate that TPx extracts from both tobacco HRs appear to be promising candidate for future applications in removing 2,4-DCP from wastewaters. This is particularly true considering that these peroxidase sources are associated with low costs and are readily available. However, TPx DT has increased peroxidase activity, catalytic efficiency, and higher removal efficiency than TPx WT, probably due to the expression of TPX1 and TPX2 isoenzymes. 相似文献
355.
356.
Árpád Ambrus Zsuzsanna Horváth Júlia Szenczi-Cseh István J. Szabó 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2018,53(6):394-403
ABSTRACTThe calculation of the combined uncertainty of the international estimated short-term intake (IESTI) of ethephon residues in apples is shown as an example. The ethephon residues in apples were reported by the Joint FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations)/WHO (World Health Organization) Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR). The apple consumption data were taken from the IESTI (international short-term intake) calculation template used by the JMPR. The IESTI was calculated with the currently used method (case 2a) and a proposed one recommended by the EFSA (European Food Safety Authority)/RIVM (Dutch National Institute for Public Health) Scientific Workshop co-sponsored by FAO and WHO. In this example, the ratio of IESTIproposed/IESTIcurrent and their combined relative uncertainty are about 2.8, and 1.7, respectively. The larger IESTI and uncertainty obtained with the proposed equation are the consequence of calculation only with the large portion (LP) instead of its combination with unit mass, and the MRL instead of the highest residue (HR). The LP is the major contributor to the combined uncertainty. Both the calculated IESTI and its combined uncertainty depend on the actual food – pesticide residue combination, and should be calculated for each case. 相似文献
357.
Naszradi T Badacsonyi A Keresztényi I Podar D Csintalan Z Tuba Z 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,134(1-3):279-285
Moss transplants of Tortula ruralis were used as active biomonitoring organisms as part of a monitoring study to assess the metals (Al, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Ni, Pb, V and Zn) associated with ambient particles on mosses in Budapest, the capital town of Hungary. The moss samples were collected in a nature conservation area from a semi-arid sand grassland (Festucetum vaginatae danubiale), less than 1 month before transplantation. Moss cushions were exposed to pollution in Budapest during October–November 1993 and February–March 1994. In the study area, 16 sites were marked out as measuring sites, in accordance with the structure of the city. A similar stand was established in the Botanical Gardens of the Szent István University in Gödöll? as a control site. ICP-AES analysis of moss for metals showed the ability of Tortula ruralis to accumulate the metals under study. Control site showed lower impact in comparison to the other sites. 相似文献
358.
Ana B. Payá-Pérez Mohammed S. Rahman Helle Skejø-Andresen Bo R. Larsen 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1996,3(4):183-188
The soil/water partition coefficient (Kd) of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) ranged from 220 1/kg to 1800 1/kg for eight soils having a wide range of physico-chemical properties. Kd normalised to soil organic carbon (Koc) was found to be 28000 ± 4800 1/kg. Anionic surfactant dodecylsulphate (DS) present at concentrations above the critical micellar concentration (CMC) caused reductions in the apparent soil/water partition coefficient (Kd *) in the range of 3–26 times for most soils and up to 36–91 times for sandy soils. Below CMC, at environmentally relevant surfactant concentrations, Kd * was reduced by a factor of 1–13. For clay and calcareous soils significant adsorption/complexation/precipitation of DS occurred. At the lowest DS concentration this produced a two-fold increase in Kd *. At increasing DS concentrations this effect was shielded by the solubihzing effect from DS. Monomer (Kmn) and micellar (Kmc) surfactant/water partition coefficients for HCB were determined to be, 980 ± 190 1/kg and 21000 ± 1600 1/kg, respectively. 相似文献
359.
Yolanda Ordaz-Guillén Cutberto Juvencio Galíndez-Mayer Nora Ruiz-Ordaz Cleotilde Juárez-Ramírez Fortunata Santoyo-Tepole Oswaldo Ramos-Monroy 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(14):8765-8773
Tordon is a widely used herbicide formulation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram), and it is considered a toxic herbicide. The purposes of this work were to assess the feasibility of a microbial consortium inoculated in a lab-scale compartmentalized biobarrier, to remove these herbicides, and isolate, identify, and evaluate their predominant microbial constituents. Volumetric loading rates of herbicides ranging from 31.2 to 143.9 g m?3 day?1, for 2,4-D, and 12.8 to 59.3 g m?3 day?1 for picloram were probed; however, the top operational limit of the biobarrier, detected by a decay in the removal efficiency, was not reached. At the highest loading rates probed, high average removal efficiencies of 2,4-D, 99.56?±?0.44; picloram, 94.58?±?2.62; and chemical oxygen demand (COD), 89.42?±?3.68, were obtained. It was found that the lab-scale biofilm reactor efficiently removed both herbicides at dilution rates ranging from 0.92 to 4.23 day?1, corresponding to hydraulic retention times from 1.087 to 0.236 days. On the other hand, few microbial strains able to degrade picloram are reported in the literature. In this work, three of the nine bacterial strains isolated cometabolically degrade picloram. They were identified as Hydrocarboniphaga sp., Tsukamurella sp., and Cupriavidus sp. 相似文献
360.
Santos Luciane Cavalcante da Silva Anamália Ferreira dos Santos Lins Pollyanna Vanessa da Silva Duarte José Leandro Ide Alessandra Honjo Meili Lucas 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(6):5890-5900
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Mg-Fe layered double hydroxide intercalated with chloride (Mg-Fe-Cl LDH) was synthetized, characterized, and evaluated as adsorbent to remove nitrate... 相似文献