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151.
Gonçalves FL Andrade MF Forti MC Astolfo R Ramos MA Massambani O Melfi AJ 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2003,121(1):63-73
Numerical modeling of scavenging processes has been compared with data obtained for rainwater and aerosol chemistry at Serra do Navio, in the state of Amapá in the Brazilian Amazon region. Sulfate, nitrate and ammonium concentrations were determined in rainwater samples collected from May 1995 until June 1997. The levels of these same chemicals were also determined in aerosols for the same period and region. Scavenging processes have been evaluated on a rainfall event basis, via numerical modeling, in order to simulate the rainwater concentrations and compare them with the observed data. RAMS (Regional Atmospheric Modeling System) was used to simulate cloud structures. A model of below-cloud scavenging was evaluated, as well. The determinations made from the results of the scavenging model are the following: a) aerosol vertical profiles are quite important to rainwater concentrations; b) modeled sulfate in rainwater is a better fit to the observed data values than ammonium and nitrate; c) the obtained sulfate aerosol concentrations samples are similar to ones found in the literature, although the sulfate concentrations in rainwater are much lower than other studies in the literature; d) the in-cloud scavenging process dominates, e) our modeled results, using an input gas vertical profile extracted from the ABLE2B experimental data set, present a smaller ratio between gas and aerosol scavenging than found in other studies in the literature, other studies may have had larger rainfall times, which increase the importance of gas phase scavenging. 相似文献
152.
We report the remarkable karyotype of Dinoponera lucida, a Brazilian endemic ponerine ant. Its chromosome number is 2n=106, most of the chromosomes are acrocentric and of very small size, and the karyotype formula is 88A+18M. A chromosome pair of the AMt type is reported. This is the largest number of chromosomes reported for the Hymenoptera order until now. 相似文献
153.
Determination and evaluation of cadmium, lead and nickel in greenhouse soils of Almería (Spain) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study determines total levels of three (Cd, Pb and Ni) potentially toxic trace elements in western Almería (Spain) greenhouse surface soil horizons using microwave digestion; it establishes the geochemical baseline concentration, and it investigates possible relationships between soil properties and elemental concentrations. The results show that the soil concentration of these heavy metals is lower than mentioned in the European and Spanish normative, but they are higher than those reported by other authors working on agricultural soils. The obtained geochemical baseline concentrations (mg kg(-1)) were: Cd 0.4-0.8, Pb 2.5-89.9 and Ni 16.1-30.7. Using the upper baseline criterion, 88% of greenhouse soils have relatively higher content of heavy metals because of their Cd, Pb and Ni concentration. Moreover, soil properties are related to heavy metals contents suggesting that among Cd, Pb and Ni have a similar origin and those total metal concentrations are controlled primarily by soil compositions. 相似文献
154.
Herrera-Moreno José Francisco Medina-Díaz Irma Martha Bernal-Hernández Yael Yvette Ramos Kenneth S. Alvarado-Cruz Isabel Quintanilla-Vega Betzabet González-Arias Cyndia Azucena Barrón-Vivanco Briscia Socorro Rojas-García Aurora Elizabeth 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(15):15124-15135
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Gene-specific changes in DNA methylation by pesticides in occupationally exposed populations have not been studied extensively. Of particular concern... 相似文献
155.
Eduardo Lopes Cancellier Fien Degryse Douglas Ramos Guelfi Silva Rodrigo Coqui da Silva Mike John McLaughlin 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2018,26(12):4388-4395
Methods to determine nutrient release rates of coated fertilizers usually rely on chemical analyses, which often are time-consuming and/or expensive. Our goal was to develop an innovative and rapid low-cost method to evaluate nutrient release from polymer coated MAP or urea using conductometry. The release in water is determined by measuring the electric conductivity (EC) over time, with intervals dependent on release rates. In the case of soluble salt fertilizers, EC can be immediately determined and converted to a concentration using a calibration curve. In the case of urea, an additional step is needed to convert the neutral urea into ammonium. The release rates in water were assessed for a range of commercial and laboratory-coated fertilizers. A validation test demonstrated strong agreement with the release determined using analytical techniques. The EC method hence offers an easy way to quickly evaluate the time course of release of nutrients from controlled-release fertilizers. 相似文献
156.
Pérez-Palacios Patricia Romero-Aguilar Asunción Delgadillo Julián Doukkali Bouchra Caviedes Miguel A. Rodríguez-Llorente Ignacio D. Pajuelo Eloísa 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(17):14910-14923
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Excess copper (Cu) in soils has deleterious effects on plant growth and can pose a risk to human health. In the last decade, legume-rhizobium... 相似文献
157.
Peter Roebeling Miguel Saraiva Anna Palla Ilaria Gnecco Carla Teotónio Teresa Fidelis 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2017,60(3):482-499
Urban green/blue spaces are put under pressure as urban areas grow, develop and evolve. It is increasingly recognized, however, that green/blue spaces provide important ecosystem services, stimulate higher real estate prices and prevent flooding problems. This paper aims to assess and compare the socio-economic impacts of potential green/blue space, urban residential and road infrastructure development scenarios in the Lyon Confluence project area (France), using the Sustainable Urbanizing Landscape Development (SULD) hedonic pricing simulation model. Results show four major tendencies regarding the value-added of green/blue spaces in urban landscapes: (1) cities become more compact; (2) population densities increase; (3) real estate values rise; and (4) demographic distribution patterns change. The magnitude of these impacts depends, however, on the quality and size of the intervention, the social classes attracted to the intervention area and on the location of the intervention relative to existing residential areas, urban centres, road infrastructure and environmental amenities. 相似文献
158.
Veado MA Arantes IA Oliveira AH Almeida MR Miguel RA Severo MI Cabaleiro HL 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,117(1-3):157-172
Intense mining activities in Minas Gerais State – Brazil brings out tons of waste to the environment. Considerable concentrations
of toxic elements penetrate the soil, ground waters and rivers. This endangers the environment quality not only in the surrounding
areas but also in ichthyofauna and in more distant areas of cattle raising and agricultural activities. After seasonal floods,
veterinary clinic studies have shown that most animals raised in this region are affected by symptomatologic nervous diseases,
still not clearly diagnosed, which suggests intoxication. These pathologies are mostly noted after floods. Instrumental Neutron
Activation Analysis was applied to determine Al, As, Au, Ba, Br, Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, Nd, Rb,
Sb, Sc, Sm, Th and Zn in environmental samples. The obtained results show that the water and sediment contaminated with heavy
metals and toxic elements from the Das Velhas River upstream basin, the mining region, carry contamination to the ichthyofauna
and farming region within a distance of approximately 400 km. 相似文献
159.
Effect of a global warming-induced increase in typhoon intensity on urban productivity in Taiwan 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A number of scientists have recently conducted research that shows that tropical cyclone intensity is likely to increase in
the future due to the warming effect of greenhouse gases on surface sea temperatures. The aim of this paper is to establish
what would be the likely decrease in the productivity of urban workers due to an increase in tropical cyclone-related downtime.
The methodology used simulates future tropical cyclones by magnifying the intensity of historical tropical cyclones between
the years 1978 and 2008. It then uses a Monte Carlo simulation to obtain the expected number of hours that a certain area
can expect to be affected by winds of a given strength. It shows how annual downtime from tropical cyclones could increase
from 1.5% nowadays to up to 2.2% by 2085, an increase of almost 50%. This decrease in productivity could result in a loss
of up to 0.7% of the annual Taiwanese GDP by 2085. 相似文献
160.
Rodrigo A. Medellín ‡ Miguel Equihua † and Miguel A. Amin 《Conservation biology》2000,14(6):1666-1675
Abstract: Evaluating the degree of disturbance of any region to determine its relative importance for conservation purposes requires procedures that are relatively inexpensive and that yield accurate results fast. Because bats are abundant, diverse, and easy to sample, especially in the Neotropical rainforest, they fulfill several of the requirements of indicator species as identified in the literature. For 10 months we sampled bat communities in the Selva Lacandona in Chiapas, Mexico, at 15 sites representing five habitats. We also measured 10 variables representing vegetation structure and diversity at each site. With fuzzy-set techniques we produced a gradient classification of disturbance for the 15 sites based on the vegetation data. We explored the relationship between vegetation conditions, described as the membership degrees in the construct "fuzzy forest set" (the complementary fuzzy set of "disturbance"), and four bat community variables. Bat species richness, number of rare bat species, and the bat diversity index were positively correlated with the vegetation scores, and relative abundance of the most abundant bat species was negatively correlated with vegetation scores. A high number of phyllostomine species in a community is a good indicator of low levels of disturbance. Although a single indicator group will probably not be sufficient for decision-making processes in conservation, evaluating bat populations may be a good first step in assessing an area's conservation value, especially in rainforest regions. 相似文献