重金属对发光海藻Pyrocystis lunula的毒性研究——一种新型的快速生物毒性测试方法QwikLite(Study of Heavy Metals Toxicity for Dinoflagellate Pyrocystis lunula——A New Rapid Toxicity Test QwikLite)

利用海洋发光藻——新月梨甲藻Pyrocystis lunula的生物发光特性（QwikLite方法）,以发光抑制为测试终点,研究了6种重金属离子Zn2+、Cu2+、Pb2+、Cr6+、Cd2+、Hg2+的毒性,24h EC50分别为4.6601mg·L-1、0.0960mg·L-1、1.4935mg·L-1、0.1626mg·L-1、0.1272mg·L-1、0.0048mg·L-1. 将该结果与这6种金属离子对其它发光藻、发光菌、糠虾和泥螺的毒性效应进行了比较. 结果表明,利用QwikLite方法和Vibrio ?覱scheri（Microtox方法）测定的6种重金属离子的毒性顺序相似,但QwikLite法比Microtox法的灵敏度高1~2个数量级;发光藻与糠虾和泥螺的灵敏度相似或者更高,与泥螺存在显著的相关性. 发光藻毒性测试方法QwikLite由于灵敏度高、操作简便、快速经济等优点,可以作为一种新型的快速生物测试方法.     

Sorption of tetracycline to sediments and soils: assessing the roles of pH,the presence of cadmium and properties of sediments and soils

Batch sorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the sorption behavior of tetracycline (TC, H₃L) on sediments and soils in the presence and absence of cadmium (Cd), as affected by pH and properties of sediments and soils. The results indicated stronger nonlinearity and higher capacity of TC sorption on sediments than on soils. Sorption of TC also strongly depended on environmental factors and sediment/soil properties. Lower pH facilitated TC sorption through a cation exchange mechanism, which also took place at pH values above 5.5, where TC existed as a zwitterion (H₂L⁰) or anions (HL^- and L^2-). When pH was above 7, however, ligand-promoted dissolution of TC might occur due to TC weakening the Al-O bond of aluminum oxide and the Fe-O bond of iron oxide. Natural organic matter (NOM) plays a more important role in TC sorption than cation exchange capacity (CEC) and clay contents. The presence of Cd (II) increased TC sorption on both sediments and soils, which resulted from the decrease of equilibrium solution pH caused by Cd²⁺ exchange with H⁺ ions of sediment/soil surfaces. The increase of TC sorption was also related to the formation of TC-Cd complexes, where Cd²⁺ acted as a bridge between the sediment/soil and TC.     

Molecular sieve material from liquid–crystal-display waste glass and silicon carbide sludge via hydrothermal process with alkali fusion pretreatment

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The goal of this paper was to synthesize eco-humidity-conditioned Al-MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves (CHCMs) from liquid–crystal-display...     

抗生素对微生物的联合与低剂量毒性研究进展

目前抗生素已成为一类不可忽视的环境污染物,它在环境中呈"混合-持久-低剂量"的暴露特征。因此,研究抗生素毒性效应,特别是它的联合毒性以及低剂量下毒性兴奋效应,对抗生素污染物生态风险的评价极其重要。以抗生素联合毒性的研究进展为主线,重点概述了抗生素二元混合物的急性和慢性联合毒性研究,指出了抗生素混合物间存在相互作用,它们的联合毒性并非表现为简单的加和或独立效应,且抗生素急性-慢性联合表现出的毒性效应也存在差异;发现了不仅单一抗生素具有Hormesis效应,低剂量抗生素二元混合物也具有Hormesis作用。但目前低剂量抗生素二元混合物对微生物的毒性兴奋效应研究较少,其毒性兴奋效应的预测和评价还有待进一步完善,以期为环境中抗生素的联合生态研究和风险评价提供理论依据。     

Fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during vitrification of incinerator ash in a coke bed furnace

Fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during the vitrification of fly ash and bottom ash from the municipal waste incinerator in a coke bed furnace was investigated. In this system, both coke and lime were added to enhance the melting reaction. The major PAH sources in this system were ash and coke, which respectively contributed 97% and 3% of PAHs in the input-mass. During vitrification process, low molecular PAHs (LM-PAH, 2-3-ring), median molecular PAHs (MM-PAH, 4-ring) and high molecular PAHs (HM-PAH, 5-7-ring) mass respectively accounted for >99%, >99% and 84% of the output-mass emitted as the stack flue gas; while those discharged from the slag were <1%, <1% and 16%, respectively. The O/I (output-mass/input-mass) ratio of LM-, MM- and HM-PAHs were 0.063, 0.002 and <0.001, respectively. The high distribution in flue gas and O/I ratio of LM-PAHs is reasonable since they are more easily evaporated, hence difficult to be removed by air pollution control devices. On the contrary, the HM-PAHs, having lower vapor pressure, primarily stays mainly in slag. Based on the 21 total PAH content in feeding ash and slag, the reduction efficiency of the coke bed furnace was >99.9%. To minimize the risk of secondary pollution, the efficiency of coke bed furnace should be improved to reduce the PAH emission into ambient air.     

汽车喷涂作业中连续送风式长管呼吸器应用的系统分析

本文讨论了汽车制造喷涂岗位作业常用两种呼吸防护方案:连续送风式长管呼吸器与自吸过滤式呼吸器。通过对比两种呼吸防护方案的特点,包括防护等级、组合防护功能、使用舒适性,以及员工接受度,发现连续送风式长管呼吸器在各方面都要优于自吸过滤式呼吸器。此外还重点介绍了连续送风式长管呼吸器在此种环境使用过程中所涉及到的系统组成、压缩空气质量、压力调节,流量及认证组件等部分的使用要求和要点。     

关于广安应急监测的探讨

本文简述了广安市应急监测工作现状及存在的问题,提出了根据应急监测的特点,必须充分做好应急监测的各项准备,才能提高其快速性和准确性的工作思路。应急监测的预先准备,就是应急监测能力的储备,包括硬实力和软实力,硬实力包括资金、人员、仪器设备;软实力包括完善的应急监测预案、监测技术、应急监测经验等。为进一步提高应急监测效能提供参考。     

环洞庭湖经济圈旅游产业协同发展探析

环洞庭湖经济圈的可持续发展问题正引起国家相关部门的高度重视,而环洞庭湖经济圈旅游产业的协同发展是实现该区域可持续发展的重要途径。从协同学理论视角出发,阐析区域旅游产业协同发展的理论机理,解析环洞庭湖经济圈旅游产业协同发展的现实基础与主要障碍,提出推进环洞庭湖经济圈旅游产业协同发展的政策建议。     

我国4个直辖市CO2净排放现状和趋势预测

从人均和单位GDP CO2碳净排放角度,借鉴显示性比较优势理论,对我国4个直辖市2005-2011年人均和单位GDP CO2碳净排放状况及其之间的差异大小进行计算,采用一元线性回归模型对4个直辖市未来几年人均和单位GDP CO2排放趋势和差异大小变化进行了预测,针对造成4个直辖市目前CO2排放现状的成因进行分析,并提出了建议.     

斑鳢等鱼贝类去毒相关基因的克隆

采用RT-PCR和RACE法,克隆得到斑鳢、鲢鱼CYPlA与斑鳢HSP70基因cDNA的核心序列,序列长度分别为908 bp、902 bp、684 bp,分别编码302、300、228个氨基酸;还克隆得到斑鳢、近江牡蛎GPX基因cDNA的部分序列,长度分别为720 bp、727 bp,分别编码119、232个氨基酸.多个重要养殖水生动物的去毒相关基因的成功克隆,为水产养殖动物去毒相关基因结构、功能、表达调控研究以及今后定向筛选高食用安全保障的水产品奠定基础.