全文获取类型
收费全文 | 88篇 |
免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 10篇 |
废物处理 | 3篇 |
环保管理 | 4篇 |
综合类 | 7篇 |
基础理论 | 14篇 |
污染及防治 | 36篇 |
评价与监测 | 8篇 |
社会与环境 | 7篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 2篇 |
2019年 | 1篇 |
2018年 | 2篇 |
2017年 | 3篇 |
2016年 | 1篇 |
2015年 | 1篇 |
2014年 | 5篇 |
2013年 | 10篇 |
2012年 | 1篇 |
2011年 | 7篇 |
2010年 | 3篇 |
2009年 | 6篇 |
2008年 | 9篇 |
2007年 | 7篇 |
2006年 | 4篇 |
2005年 | 3篇 |
2004年 | 2篇 |
2003年 | 4篇 |
2002年 | 4篇 |
2001年 | 2篇 |
2000年 | 3篇 |
1998年 | 1篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1959年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有89条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Selecting reserves for forest biodiversity maintenance is often done by setting criteria for components of structural elements of biodiversity, such as a volume of decaying wood. We tested how the different threshold values for the components of structural elements affect the cost-effective site selection. Using Finnish National Forest Inventory information and remote sensing data, we determined a habitat quality index and economic value for each site in Satakunta region in Finland. Moreover, we defined several sets of potential conservation targets using alternative criteria for the habitat quality index developed for the Finnish case study. These figures were used in the site selection model in order to maximize the sum of habitat index of selected areas under a given budget constraint. We found that the production possibility frontier for the outputs of timber and biodiversity is only slightly concave when using the given threshold values. Thus, the optimal combination of the outputs is sensitive to the relative values of these goods. Our results suggest that an integrated approach in forest conservation could provide to environmental managers considerable cost savings compared with current management practices. Environmental managers could also reduce conservation costs by loosening the criteria for potential conservation targets. This would not lower considerably the quality of conserved forests. 相似文献
42.
Arto S. Pennanen Raimo O. Salonen Mikko VahteristoKiyoung Lee John D. Spengler 《Environment international》1998,24(8):881-887
A standardized questionnaire was used in a two-year follow-up study to test the effectiveness of non-regulatory recommendations to improve indoor air quality of 103 ice arenas in Finland. In addition, the performance of a state-of-the-art emission control technology (ECT) on propane-fueled resurfacers was evaluated by measuring the one-week average nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration in a small sample of arenas. The number of retrofitted ECT on propane-fueled resurfacers increased from 6 to 37 (8% to 37% of ice arenas) and the number of electric resurfacers from 7 to 9 (both 9% of arenas) in 1994–1996. At the same time, the prevalence of inadequate ventilation increased among the most susceptible small arenas (volume <30 000 m3) from 11 (31%) to 19 (38%). Combustion-powered resurfacers (88%) and inadequate ventilation (24%) were prevalent also among the 17 new arenas built in 1994–1996. ECT resurfacers significantly decreased the mean indoor NO2 concentration of eleven arenas from 650 μg/m3 to 147 μg/m3. Thus, retrofitting resurfacers with ECT seems to be a feasible mitigation option to improve indoor air quality in ice arenas, but the ultimate solution is an electric ice resurfacer. Non-regulatory recommendations seem to be partially effective in abatement against the air quality problems, but additional regulatory measures are needed for full compliance in all arenas. 相似文献
43.
Air concentrations and urinary metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons among paving and remixing workers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Väänänen V Hämeilä M Kontsas H Peltonen K Heikkilä P 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2003,5(5):739-746
The exposure of paving workers to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) during stone mastic asphalt (SMA) paving and remixing was evaluated. The effects on the workers' PAH exposure were also evaluated during the use of an industrial by-product, coal fly ash (CFA), instead of limestone as the filler in the SMA. The PAH exposure was measured by personal air sampling and by analysing the levels of urinary naphthols, phenanthrols and 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) in the workers' pre- and post-shift urine samples. The respiratory PAH exposure of the paving workers (geometric mean (GM) 5.7 microg m(-3)) was about ten-fold that of the traffic controllers (GM 0.43 microg m(-3)). The levels of PAH metabolites were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the post-shift urine samples than in the pre-shift urine samples, and the levels of metabolites in the post-shift urine of paving workers were significantly higher than in that of the controls (p < 0.01). Urinary 1-naphthol correlated well with the airborne concentrations of the two- to three-ring PAHs (r = 0.544, p = 0.003) and naphthalene (r = 0.655, p < 0.001), when non-smoking paving workers were tested. A good correlation was observed between urinary 1-OHP and the airborne concentrations of the four- to six-ring PAHs (r = 0.524, p = 0.003) as well as total PAHs (r = 0.575, p = 0.001). The concentrations of 1-OHP and phenanthrols in the urine of the pavers were significantly higher (p < 0.01) during remixing than during SMA paving. The CFA in the asphalt had no effect on the airborne PAH exposure or on the concentrations of the PAH metabolites in the paving workers' urine. 相似文献
44.
Rokhina EV Sillanpää M Nolte MC Virkutyte J 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2008,10(11):1304-1312
Novel catalytic adsorbent (ruthenium on carbon) was employed for the treatment of pulp mill effluent in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Mathematical model and optimization of the process regarding the most favorable COD (%), TOC (%) and color (%) removal rates was developed and performed with experimental design taking into account catalytic adsorption process kinetics. As the initial experimental design, 3(3-1) half-fractional factorial design (H-FFD) was accomplished at two levels to study the significance of the main effects, such as catalytic adsorbent (g l(-1)) and hydrogen peroxide (ppm) concentrations using the response surface methodology (RSM). Finally, a four factor-three coded level central composite design (CCD) with 28 runs was performed in order to fit a second-order polynomial model. Validation of the model was accomplished by different criteria including coefficient of determination and the corresponding analysis of variance. The achieved removal rates for TOC (up to 75%), COD (up to 73%) and color (up to 68%) were observed for the defined optimal conditions: 1g l(-1) of ruthenium on carbon, 7 ppm of hydrogen peroxide, pH = 4 and ambient temperature. The proposed method benefited significantly improved TOC, COD and color removal efficiency, regenerability and reusability of the catalytic adsorbent and unaltered initial pH of an effluent in comparison to traditional adsorption or oxidation processes. 相似文献
45.
Shrestha RA Lama B Joshi J Sillanpää M 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2008,15(4):303-307
Goal, scope, and background Arsenic contamination in groundwater creates severe health problems in the world. There are many physiochemical and biological
methods available for remediation of arsenic from groundwater. Among them, microbial remediation could be taken as one of
the least expensive methods, though it takes longer treatment time. The main objective of this research was to study the improvement
on remediation by addition of some essential ion salts such as Mn and Fe.
Materials and methods
Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Escherichia coli were taken as model microbes from Dhulikhel, 30 km east from Kathmandu, Nepal.
Results and discussion Microbes used in this study showed different abilities in their removal of As(III) with and without addition of Mn and Fe
salts. The trend of remediation increased with time. S. aureus was found to be the best among the microbes used. It showed almost 100% removal after 48-h culture, both with and without
Fe and Mn salts. Rate of removal of As increased with addition of Fe and Mn for all microbes. Removal efficiency was found
to increase by about 32% on average after addition of salts in 24-h cultures of S. aureus. 相似文献
46.
Pääkkönen E Holopainen T Kärenlampi L 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》1997,95(1):37-44
Forty clones of Betula pendula and 6 clones of Betula pubescens, originating from southern and central Finland, were ranked in order of ozone sensitivity according to visible injuries, growth and leaf senescense under low ozone exposure. The plants were fumigated in natural climatic conditions using an open-air exposure system during two growing seasons. Control plants were grown under ambient air, and the elevated-ozone exposures were 1.6x the ambient in 1994 and 1.7x the ambient in 1995. The differences in ozone sensitivity among clones were large. Ozone tolerance was related to thicker leaves and higher stomatal density as compared to sensitive clones. Ultrastructural ozone-induced symptoms were found in chloroplasts of sensitive clones. Increased number of visibly injured leaves on fumigated plants was correlated with reduced leaf formation, foliage area, shoot dry wt and number of stomata, and increased yellowing of leaves. The results suggest that a considerable proportion of birch trees, showing high sensitivity to ozone, are at risk if ambient ozone exposures increase. 相似文献
47.
Mikko Kolehmainen Hannu Martikainen Teri Hiltunen Juhani Ruuskanen 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2000,65(1-2):277-286
Urban air pollution has emerged as an acute problem in recent years because of its detrimental effects on health and living conditions. The research presented here aims at attaining a better understanding of phenomena associated with atmospheric pollution, and in particular with aerosol particles. The specific goal was to develop a form of air quality modelling which can forecast urban air quality for the next day using airborne pollutant, meteorological and timing variables.Hourly airborne pollutant and meteorological averages collected during the years 1995–1997 were analysed in order to identify air quality episodes having typical and the most probable combinations of air pollutant and meteorological variables. This modelling was done using the Self-Organising Map (SOM) algorithm, Sammon's mapping and fuzzy distance metrics. The clusters of data that were found were characterised by statistics. Several overlapping Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) models were then applied to the clustered data, each of which represented one pollution episode. The actual levels for individual pollutants could then be calculated using a combination of the MLP models which were appropriate in that situation.The analysis phase of the modelling gave clear and intuitive results regarding air quality in the area where the data had been collected. The resulting forecast showed that the modelling of gaseous pollutants is more reliable than that of the particles. 相似文献
48.
Joseph Chelelgo Ulla Haverinen Mikko Vahteristo Jari Koivisto Tuula Husman Aino Nevalainen 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(1):69-77
ABSTRACT A grading system was developed to rate the moisture damage profile of dwellings and to study the relationship between moisture-induced indoor air problems and occupant health. A total of 630 randomly selected houses and apartments, built between 1950 and 1989, were visually inspected. Moisture observations were standardized into three damage levels. Thus, a system to classify the homes into three grades was devised. The two grades of homes associated with the highest levels of damage were graded as index homes. Overall, 51% of the sample had some kind of moisture fault in them and one in every three homes (33%) was classified as an index home. The mean number of damage incidents in the index dwellings varied from 1.4 to 2.6. The mean number of damage incidents in the reference homes was 0.28. Prevalence of index dwellings was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in houses (38%) than in apartments (26%). There was no major difference in the prevalence of index buildings in houses built in any particular decade (30-35%). Moisture was observed in 28% of bathrooms, in 10% of kitchens, and in 17% of other spaces. Indoor relative humidity (RH) levels were low in most homes. 相似文献
49.
da Silva Lima Nilsa Duarte de Alencar Nääs Irenilza 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(29):43955-43965
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The present study aimed to evaluate the environmental cost of the production process of broilers from the approach of emergy accounting and carbon... 相似文献
50.
Long-Term Effects of Forestry on Birds of the Eastern Canadian Boreal Forests: a Comparison with Fennoscandia 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Abstract: Logging is considered the most important threat to species in boreal forests. In contrast to eastern Canada, where most boreal forests remain largely untouched, in Fennoscandia it is possible to assess the cumulative, long-term effects of intensive forestry on wildlife. But harvesting of stands is rapidly changing Canadian boreal forests, which represent an important proportion of the world's boreal forests. We show that Fennoscandia and eastern Canada present striking similarities in terms of forest-age structure, natural-disturbance regime, and structure of bird assemblages, and we provide an assessment of the long-term effects of forestry on eastern Canadian birds of the boreal forest. We used life-history traits from habitat, nesting site, and geographical range to calculate an index of sensitivity to changes induced by modern forestry for boreal species of each region. Tropical migrants commonly found in eastern Canadian boreal forests have life-history traits that are not threat factors in relation to changes caused by modern forestry. Therefore, the general belief that tropical migrants in North America are more sensitive to landscape changes than those in Europe may not hold for species found in the boreal coniferous forests of eastern Canada. Nine Fennoscandian species present high levels of sensitivity, and at least eight eastern Canadian species are of similar concern. In both regions, most of the sensitive species are resident cavity nesters. Given the important similarities between the two regions, the northern expansion of commercial forestry in eastern Canada is likely to result in the significant decline of several resident species, as has occurred in Fennoscandia. 相似文献