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531.
Min Song Chenchen Chi Min Guo Xueqing Wang Lingxiao Cheng Xueyou Shen 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015,28(2):157-162
The pollution status and characteristics of PAEs(phthalate esters) were investigated in indoor air of offices, and PAEs of both gas-phase and particulate-phase were detected in all the samples. The concentration(sum of the gas phase and the particulate phase) was4748.24 ng/m3, ranging between 3070.09 and 6700.14 ng/m3. Diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were the most abundant compounds, together accounting for 70% of the ∑ 6PAEs. Dividing the particulate-phase PAEs into four size ranges( 2.5, 2.5–5, 5–10, 10 μm), the result indicated that PAEs in PM2.5were the most abundant,with the proportion of 72.64%. In addition, the PAE concentration in PM2.5correlated significantly with the total particulate-phase PAEs(R2= 0.85). Thus, the amount of PAEs in PM2.5can be estimated from the total amount of particulate-phase PAEs using this proportion. In a comparison between the offices and a newly decorated study room, it was found that pollution characteristics were similar between these two places. Thus, it is implied that the PAE concentration decreased by 50% 2 yr after decorating. 相似文献
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The concentrations of phthalate esters(PAEs) in Chinese hospitals were investigated by simultaneously determining concentrations of gas- and particle-phase PAEs. PAEs were detected in two third-class first-grade hospitals, two second-class first-grade hospitals, and a community health service center. Hospital drugstores had the highest concentration(24.19 μg/m3), which was 1.54 times that of newly decorated houses. The second highest concentration was found in the transfusion rooms, averaging 21.89 μg/m3; this was followed by the concentrations of PAEs in the nurse's workstations, the wards, and the doctor's offices, with mean concentrations of 20.66, 20.0, and 16.92 μg/m3, respectively. The lowest concentrations were found in the hallways(16.30 μg/m3). Of the six different kinds of PAEs found, major pollutants included diethyl phthalates, dibutyl phthalates, butylbenzyl phthalates and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalates, comprising more than 80% of all PAEs present.Meanwhile, a comparison between different wards showed that PAE concentrations in the maternity wards were 1.63 times higher than in the main wards. Based on known health hazards, our results suggest that the PAEs seriously influence the health of the pregnant women and babies; therefore, it is of great importance to take the phthalate concentrations in hospitals into consideration. In addition, hospital indoor air was more seriously contaminated than the air of newly decorated houses. 相似文献
533.
Excretion of manure-borne estrogens and androgens and their potential risk estimation in the Yangtze River Basin 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yanxia Li Shiying Gao Shufang Liu Bei Liu Xuelian Zhang Min Gao Linjie Cheng Boyang Hu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015,37(11):110-117
The Yangtze River is the longest river in China, and the river basin spans one fifth of the area of the whole country. Based on statistical data, the excretion of manure-borne steroid hormones, including steroid estrogens(SEs) and steroid androgens(SAs), in 10 provinces of China within the region has been estimated. The potential environmental and ecological risk of manure-borne steroid estrogens to the surface water in this region was also assessed. The manure-borne SE and SA excretions in the 10 provinces and municipalities vary in the order: Sichuan Hunan Hubei Yunnan Jiangsu Anhui Jiangxi Chongqing Qinghai Shanghai. The highest increase of manure-borne SEs(1434.3 kg)and SAs(408.5 kg) was found in Hunan and Hubei provinces, respectively, and the total excretion in 2013 was 65% more than 15 years earlier in these two provinces. However, the emissions in Anhui and Shanghai decreased in this 15 year period of time. Swine urine,chicken feces, cattle urine, and laying hen feces were considered the dominant sources of manure-borne E1, βE2, αE2, and SAs, respectively. Although Jiangsu province did not have the largest excretion of manure-borne SEs, it had the highest level of predicted17β-estradiol equivalency(EEQs) value of 16.65 ng/L in surface water because of the limited surface water resources. According to the lowest observable effect level of 10 ng/L for17β-estradiol, the manure-borne SEs in Jiangsu province might potentially pose ecological risk to its wild aquatic organisms. 相似文献
534.
典型污灌区水体中有机氯农药分布及来源分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在干旱与半干旱地区,工业废水和生活污水灌溉农田作为一种有效的资源一直被广泛利用,但污水中有害成分也对灌区生态环境造成了很大影响。文章以太原小店污灌区为例,根据灌区灌渠和地下水流场分布,分别采集地表水样10个和地下水样20个,利用液液萃取-气相色谱法分析水样中有机氯农药(OCPs)含量。研究结果表明,地表水中OCPs浓度范围为32.21~671.82 ng/L(均值为184.21ng/L);所有地下水中OCPs浓度均未超过《地下水环境质量标准》中Ⅲ类标准,浓度范围为9.44~84.01 ng/L;污水回灌对地下水中OCPs分布具有一定的影响,不同灌溉方式区域中OCPs浓度依次为:污灌区清灌区背景点;经过污染物源解析,研究区水环境中,OCPs中滴滴涕主要来源于历史残留,六六六主要来源于林丹的近期使用。 相似文献
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能源利用、环境保护与可持续发展问题的研究已成为一个重要课题。本文讨论了以高能耗为特征的北京市工业可持续发展问题,选取北京市可持续发展实验区的怀柔区和石景山区作为主要研究对象,针对实验区工业领域典型企业进行广泛调研,分析了高能耗工业企业能源利用情况及其特点。研究结果表明,怀柔和石景山可持续发展实验区均呈现能源消费高度集中的主要特征。此外,对代表性企业实施的余热回收和水资源循环利用等节能改造方案进行深入研究,并进行技术经济分析。继续深入挖掘潜力,为"十二五"期间可持续发展实验区工业节能工作的深化和细化奠定基础。 相似文献
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540.
生态文明建设是政府、市场、非政府组织和公民等多元主体合作治理的整体性系统性实践活动,多元主体合作治理的实现依赖于制度环境、组织因素、共同目标和信息沟通等多个关键条件,同时,合作治理需要各主体按照生态文明建设的要求明确和重塑角色定位,进而通过健全多元主体参与生态文明建设法律保障体系,健全生态补偿和生态支出竞争使用机制,建立信息交互制度,寻求多元合作模式,最终实现统筹协调、联动增效的生态文明建设合作治理. 相似文献