长江中下游平原三个湖泊表层沉积物对磷的吸附特征

以长江中下游太湖、巢湖和龙感湖等3个湖泊表层沉积物(0～1cm)为对象,研究了不同沉积物对湖水中磷的吸附特性,并探讨了沉积物表面特性和化学组分等因素对磷的吸附行为的影响.结果表明:表层沉积物对磷的吸附作用主要发生在快吸附过程的前1～2h之内;湖泊表层沉积物对磷的吸附基本符合修正后的Langmuir型等温方程,不同采样点的表层沉积物中本底磷吸附量(QNAP)以及磷饱和吸附量(Qmax)差别显著,与采样点所处环境条件有很大关系.同时,沉积物的饱和吸附量与比表面积、活性铁、铝含量和有机质含量有较好的正相关性,相关系数分别为0 92,0 98,0 78和0 96;活性铁、铝含量与有机质含量之间也有较好的正相关性;颗粒物Zeta电位在一定程度上影响沉积物对磷的吸附能力.     

北京市大气中挥发性有机物的组成特征

采用预浓缩—GC-MS方法分析了北京市大气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的组成,共检测出108种,其主要成分是饱和烷烃(33%)、芳香烃(21%)、烯烃(16%)、卤代烷烃(20%)、卤代烯烃(9%)和卤代芳香烃(1%),总VOCs平均质量浓度为(163 7±39 0)μg m3。更重要的是,在检出物中有54种是有毒有害的物质,主要成分是苯系物和卤代烃,其中苯,甲苯,丙烯,1,3-丁二烯,氯乙烯和1,2-二氯乙烷是含量最高的组分。      

中国典型城市垃圾填埋场甲烷δ13C特征研究

城市垃圾填埋场是全球甲烷源中具有可削减意义的重要人为甲烷源。甲烷13C同位素特征是区域和全球甲烷源源强恒算的一个重要定量因子。研究测得中国阿苏卫垃圾填埋场甲烷δ13C特征值的一般范围为-54 9‰～-49 0‰,反映出了城市垃圾填埋场普遍的甲烷δ13C特征。研究表明,在排气系统方面与国外垃圾填埋场的结构差异和特定的场地条件,使阿苏卫垃圾填埋场排气系统和覆土层排放的甲烷都经历了相当程度的氧化,二者的甲烷δ13C特征值差异并不显著,普遍略重于国外相应研究结果,显示出较为显著的氧化特征。      

Relationship between groundwater cadmium and vicinity resident urine cadmium levels in the non-ferrous metal smelting area,China

● This study systematically examined the relationship between groundwater Cd and UCL. ● The study covered 211 UCL and sociological characteristic from nine groundwater samples. ● We found a significant positive correlation between groundwater Cd and UCL. ● Smoking status and education level also significantly affected UCL. Cadmium (Cd) has received widespread attention owing to its persistent toxicity and non-degradability. Cd in the human body is mainly absorbed from the external environment and is usually assessed using urinary Cd. Hunan Province is the heartland of the Chinese non-ferrous mining area, where several serious Cd pollution events have occurred, including high levels of Cd in the urine of residents. However, the environmental factors influencing high urinary Cd levels (UCLs) in nearby residents remain unclear. Therefore, 211 nearby residents’ UCLs and the corresponding sociological characteristics from nine groundwater samples in this area were analyzed using statistical analysis models. Groundwater Cd concentration ranged from 0.02 to 1.15 μg/L, aligning with class III of the national standard; the range of UCL of nearby residents was 0.37–36.60 μg/L, exceeding the national guideline of 0–2.5 μg/L. Groundwater Cd levels were positively correlated with the UCL (P < 0.001, correlation coefficient 95 % CI = 9.68, R² = 0.06). In addition, sociological characteristics, such as smoking status and education level, also affect UCL. All results indicate that local governments should strengthen the prevention and abatement of groundwater Cd pollution. This study is the first to systematically evaluate the relationship between groundwater Cd and UCL using internal and external environmental exposure data. These findings provide essential bases for relevant departments to reduce Cd exposure in regions where the heavy metal industry is globally prevalent.     

A pyrazine based metal-organic framework for selective removal of copper from strongly acidic solutions

● pz-UiO-66 was synthesized facilely by a solvothermal method. ● Efficient capture of copper from highly acidic solution was achieved by pz-UiO-66. ● pz-UiO-66 exhibited excellent selectivity and capacity for copper capture. ● Pyrazine-N in pz-UiO-66 was shown to be the dominant adsorption site. The selective capture of copper from strongly acidic solutions is of vital importance from the perspective of sustainable development and environmental protection. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted the interest of many scholars for adsorption due to their fascinating physicochemical characteristics, including adjustable structure, strong stability and porosity. Herein, pz-UiO-66 containing a pyrazine structure is successfully synthesized for the efficient separation of copper from strongly acidic conditions. Selective copper removal at low pH values is accomplished by using this material that is not available in previously reported metal–organic frameworks. Furthermore, the material exhibits excellent adsorption capacity, with a theoretical maximum copper uptake of 247 mg/g. As proven by XPS and FT-IR analysis, the coordination of pyrazine nitrogen atoms with copper ions is the dominant adsorption mechanism of copper by pz-UiO-66. This work provides an opportunity for efficient and selective copper removal under strongly acidic conditions, and promises extensive application prospects for the removal of copper in the treatment for acid metallurgical wastewater.     

长江江豚监测现状及展望

长江江豚(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis)是唯一淡水生活的鼠海豚类,近年来种群数量严重下降,2013年被世界自然保护联盟红色名录列为“极度濒危”,2021年升级为我国国家一级重点保护野生动物,2022年种群有所恢复。长江江豚是长江生态系统健康的指示物种,我国科学家自20世纪50年代开始监测至今,监测方法不断更新完善,对长江江豚现状的了解也越来越充分。该文回顾了截线抽样法、水下被动声学及自动实时监测系统、无人机、环境DNA等监测方法的应用及取得的成效,分析监测方法存在的不足,预测技术发展趋势,提出改进建议,为长江江豚的监测及保护提供基本参考。     

鄱阳湖南矶湿地沉积物粒级组成特征及搬运趋势分析

沉积物的粒级组成特征对于分析湿地沉积环境和搬运趋势有着重要意义。基于自然保护区沉积物样品，利用粒度分析、Shepard三角图、C-M图、端元分析和GSTA搬运趋势模型，研究分析了鄱阳湖南矶湿地沉积物的粒级组成特征、沉积类型、动力环境和泥沙搬运趋势。结果表明，鄱阳湖南矶湿地沉积物主要以细粉砂为主，平均值为55.35%。沉积物粒度参数中平均粒径均值为5.24Φ，空间分布上具有由西南至东北Φ值逐渐减小的趋势。沉积物质地类型主要为粉砂、粘土质粉砂、砂质粉砂和粉砂质砂，其中粉砂约占62.5%。端元分析的结果显示EM1和EM2可能与鄱阳湖本身湖流带来的沉积物搬运有关，EM3则指示了赣江泥沙来源，EM4可能与局地小环境的水动力变化有关。鄱阳湖南矶湿地沉积物粒径趋势格局以东部向西部、北部向南部最为显著，鄱阳湖南矶湿地是在赣江与鄱阳湖之间复杂交互作用下形成。     

盐度变化对崇明东部河口潮滩氮营养盐循环影响实验模拟研究

以长江口咸淡水交互作用最为典型岸段崇明东部潮滩作为研究区域,运用实验模拟方法,定量地研究了盐度变化对潮滩生态系中无机氮的迁移、转化过程的影响。结果发现,盐度升高有利于沉积物中的NH4-N向上覆水扩散,但NO2-N和NO3-N的界面扩散呈现相反的变化趋势;沉积物中可交换态无机氮含量变化特征显示,在盐度变化剧烈的潮滩生态系统内,硝化作用可能是控制沉积物(尤其是表层沉积物)中无机氮分布的重要因素。     

底栖穴居动物对潮滩N迁移转化的影响

以软体动物河蚬(Corbiculafluminea)为例,运用实验模拟的方法,通过对上覆水、孔隙水和沉积物的对比分析,研究了底栖动物对潮滩N迁移转化的影响。实验结果发现,河蚬主要通过排泄和生物扰动影响N在沉积物-水界面间的迁移转化。在富氧的环境下,底栖动物的活动结果使NO3 N在上覆水中有明显的持续累积效应,NH4 N在较深层孔隙水中积累,而NO2 N易在沉积物中累积。     

沉积物中多环芳烃和有机氯农药定量分析的质量保证和质量控制

以美国ＥＰＡ为方法为基础,进行了沉积物中多环芳烃和有机氯农药分析的质量保证和质量控制实验,采用回收率指示物控制回收率,用内标法定量。结果表明多环芳烃的指示物回收率为５０．６７－９７．３３％,目标化合物的回收率为５８．６７－９６．３３％,方法检测限为３．３０－９．２６μｇ．ｋｇ＾－１。