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381.
Occurrence of phthalates in sediment and biota: relationship to aquatic factors and the biota-sediment accumulation factor 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Phthalate compounds in sediments and fishes were investigated in 17 Taiwan's rivers to determine the relationships between phthalate levels in sediment and aquatic factors, and biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) for phthalates. Mean concentrations (range) of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBzP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) in sediment at low-flow season were 4.1 (<0.05-46.5), 0.22 (<0.05-3.1) and 0.14 (<0.05-1.3)mgkg(-1)dw; those at high-flow season were 1.2 (<0.05-13.1), 0.13 (<0.05-0.27) and 0.09 (<0.05-0.22)mgkg(-1)dw, respectively. Trace levels of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP) and di-n-octyl phthalate (DOP) in sediment were found in both seasons. Concentrations of DEHP in sediments were significantly affected by temperature, suspended solids, ammonia-nitrogen, and chemical oxygen demand. The highest concentration of DEHP in fish samples were found in Liza subviridis (253.9mgkg(-1)dw) and Oreochromis miloticus niloticus (129.5mgkg(-1)dw). BSAF of DEHP in L. subviridis (13.8-40.9) and O. miloticus niloticus (2.4-28.5) were higher than those in other fish species, indicating that the living habits of fish and physical-chemical properties of phthalates, like logKow, may influence the bioavailability of phthalates in fish. Our data suggested that DEHP level in river sediments were influenced by water quality parameters due to their effects on the biodegradation processes, and that the DEHP level in fish was affected by fish habitat and physiochemical properties of polluted contaminants. 相似文献
382.
Mingming Lu Prabhat Lamichhane Fuyan Liang Eric Imerman Ming Chai 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2008,8(3-4):359-367
The odorous air emissions from confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs), such as swine, poultry and dairy farms, are increasingly
raising community complaints. Odorous emissions can result in health damages, psychological discomforts and adverse aesthetic
effects in the community. However, these emissions are not well characterized up to now due to the lack of legislation, the
limitations in sampling and instrumentation techniques, and the complexity of the emissions themselves. This study is aimed
at the development of a high volume sampler and sorbent assembly to identify the odor causing compounds from a diary CAFO.
The sorbent was custom designed to target the potential compounds that may exist in a dairy farm and was validated in laboratory
with a synthetic odor from the swine manure. The actual samples at the diary farm were collected in spring and summer of 2005.
The sorbents were solvent extracted and individual odor compounds were identified using GC–MS (gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy).
The data obtained indicated that high volume sampling can shorten the sampling time from days to within 4 h. Both volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) have been identified from the dairy farm, such as phenol, methylphenol,
4-ethyl phenol, indole, methyl indole, benzyl alcohol, hexanoic acid, valeric acid and iso-valeric acid, together with some nitrogen containing compounds that have not been reported before. 相似文献
383.
碱熔融法合成NaA和NaX型粉煤灰沸石的品质表征 总被引:10,自引:2,他引:8
以粉煤灰为原料采用碱熔融法合成了2种单一沸石矿物种的NaA和NaX型沸石,并对产物的结构、性能和应用指标进行了详细表征.经x射线衍射和IR光谱分析,表明合成产物是无杂晶生成的NaA和NaX型沸石相;在扫描电镜观察下,产物分别具有NaA和NaX型沸石的立方体和八面体晶体骨架结构.DTA分析表明了合成产物中沸石水的存在,且产物热稳定性较好.通过对比,粉煤灰合成的NaA和NaX型沸石的比表面积达到了相应商品沸石的66.9%和83.6%;孔容为41.1%和70.2%;阳离子交换容量(CEC,cation exchange capacity)为82.93%和84.31%.通过比较化学组成表明,大规模应用合成产物不会对环境造成危害. 相似文献
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388.
杨树刺槐混交林沙地土壤的水分—物理性质 总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24
研究了刺槐与杨树混交林后沙地土壤水分-物理性质变化的状况,结果表明,刺槐与杨树混交后,土壤水分-物理性质得到了改善,表现在土壤最大持水量增加,毛管持水量、田间持水量得以提高,土壤有效持水量也有了较大幅度的提高,刺槐与杨树混交后土壤总孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、毛管孔隙度得到提高,并由此而改善了混交林土壤的渗透性能,表4参7 相似文献
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