主成份分析法在大气环境质量综合评价中的应用

介绍了主成份分析法评价大气环境质量的基本原理，并对某市的大气环境质量进行了综合评价。最后，与其它方法的评价结果进行了对比分析，进一步证实了主成份分析法的科学性、合理性。     

A Simulation of Temporal and Spatial Variations in Carbon at Landscape Level: A Case Study for Lake Abitibi Model Forest in Ontario,Canada

Using a case study of the Lake Abitibi Model Forest (LAMF), this study aims to assess the temporal and spatial variability in carbon storage during 1990–2000, and to present a comprehensive estimation of the carbon budget for LAMF's ecosystems. As well, it provided the information needed by local forest managers to develop ecological and carbon-based indicators and monitor the sustainability of forest ecosystems. Temporal and spatial carbon dynamics were simulated at the landscape level using ecosystem model TRIPLEX1.0 and Geographical Information System (GIS). The simulated net primary productivity (NPP) and carbon storage in forest biomass and soil were compared with field data and results from other studies for Canada's boreal forests. The results show that simulated NPP ranged from 3.26 to 3.34 tC ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ in the 1990s and was consistent with the range measured during the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Studies (BOREAS) in central Canada. Modeled NPP was also compared with the estimation from remote sensing data. The density of total above-and belowground biomass was 125.3, 111.8, and 106.5 tC ha⁻¹ for black spruce, trembling aspen, and jack pine in the LAMF ecosystem, respectively. The total carbon density of forested land was estimated at 154.4 tC ha⁻¹ with the proportion of 4:6 for total biomass and soil. The analysis of net carbon balance of ecosystem suggested that the LAMF forest ecosystem was acting as a carbon sink with an allowable harvest in the 1990s.     

确定区域环境污染成因——HCA-PCA法

把系统聚类分析(简称HCA-hierachical cluster analysis) 和主成分分析方法(简称PCA-Principal Component Analysis)有机结合,从给定的"样品-指标"数据矩阵出发,利用HCA科学判定区域环境污染的类型,然后根据不同的类型利用PCA方法确定首要污染因子,针对首要污染因子,对各个污染途径进行评估,计算出各途径的污染分担率,从而确定区域污染成因.并对其原理、计算方法、特点作出分析和讨论,同时以某城镇水环境为例进行了计算示范.经证实该方法在确定区域环境污染成因,制定区域污染防治措施方面有重要的意义.     

有机气溶胶的来源与形成研究现状

介绍了有机气溶胶来源与形成的研究现状,从有机气溶胶的化学组成特征、一次有机气溶胶的来源和二次有机气溶胶的形成机制论述其研究进展.一次有机气溶胶主要来源于烹调油烟、机动车排放、生物质燃烧、工业或民用燃油锅炉释放出的有机物,还有道路扬尘、沥青、刹车尘、轮胎屑、室外香烟烟雾、以及高等植物蜡、细菌活动和草本植物等.大气中的半挥发性有机物可通过物理和化学吸附形成二次有机气溶胶,一些挥发性有机物可通过气相化学反应转化为低挥发性的物质并形成二次有机气溶胶,其主要前体物是芳香族化合物,如苯、甲苯、二甲苯,以及烯烃、烷烃、环烷烃、萜烯和生物排放的非饱和氧化物.     

雾对SO_2烟羽清除作用的研究

在雾稳定的条件下,研究了雾滴穿过SO_2烟羽沉降到地面的过程中吸收、析解以及酸化等过程。结果表明,雾对烟羽中SO_2的清除具有某些奇特的现象。即仅在离源较远的区域才表现出有限的清除作用:而在近源区,主要以析解为主,使源附近地面SO_2浓度增加,高架源成了低架源。雾滴在地面附近的这种析解作用,是造成雾天污染物浓度高的重要原因之一。     

天然河流纵向离散系数的最优化计算方法及其应用

提出了计算天然河流纵向离散系数的最优化方法，并用此法对岷江蕨溪段的试验数据进行处理，计算出了该段河流的纵向离散系数。     

煤矿含悬浮物矿井水净化处理技术探讨

论述了含悬浮物矿井水净化处理利用的必要性，矿井水水质，水量和处理要求，现有的处理工艺，混凝剂及混合方式，主要处理构筑物和消毒方式等。指出了在确定处理规模，处理工艺，设计参数，药剂选择和投加过程中存在的问题，并给出了解决上述问题的方法。     

运用沿盆地边缘分布的微小地震研究强震危险性

以1996年首都圈地区微小地震沿盆地边缘的分布与强震问对应关系为例，定量化研究沿地形分布的微小震一强震关系。它表明地壳厚度变化这种地壳的不均匀性，也可像内部断层这种地壳不均匀性一样，使我们有可能得到强震的前兆。文中具体给出判定沿地形（盆地边缘）分布的微小地震异常的方法和原则。本文的例子表明，异常一强震的关系是一一对应的。     

火电厂湿法烟气脱硫系统技术(FGD)应用的初步研究

燃煤的烟气脱硫技术是当前应用最广、效率最高的脱硫技术.对燃煤电厂而言,在今后一个相当长的时期内,FGD将是控制SO2排放的主要方法.文章对烟气脱硫技术进行了较为全面的阐述,并对烟气脱硫装置在国内的应用情况进行了详细的介绍,对需要装设脱硫装置的燃煤火力发电厂可以起到一定的指导作用.     

Toxic effects of wastewater from various phases of monosodium glutamate production on seed germination and root elongation of crops

To make a comprehensive assessment on monosodium glutamate (MSG) wastewater pollution, a pollution exposure experiment was carried out on the seed germination and root elongation of wheat, Chinese cabbage and tomato by using the wastewater discharged from different processing phases of MSG production. The results showed that there were significantly positive linear relationships between the inhibitory rates of wheat seed germination and root elongation and the COD_cr of the mother liquor scraps. The toxicity of MSG wastewater to the test crops was in the order of tomato > Chinese cabbage > wheat, indicating that tomato was the most sensitive to the wastewater, and could be considered as an ideal toxic bioindicator. The half-effect concentrations (IC₅₀) based on the seed germination and root elongation of the test crops exposed to the wastewater discharged from various processing phases of MSG production was 22.0–32 432 and 17.3–3320 mg/L, respectively. Translated from Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2006, 17(7): 1286–1290 [译自: 应用生态学报]