Effect of natural aquatic humic substances on the photodegradation of bisphenol A

The photochemical degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) was studied in the presence of natural humic substances from different origins under simulated solar irradiation. BPA underwent insignificant direct photolysis in neutral water, but rapid photosensitized degradation in four humic substances solutions via pseudo-first-order reaction occurred. The photo-degradation rate of BPA was insensitive to the different initial BPA concentrations and was inhibited in aerated solution compared with the deoxygenated medium. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as ·OH and ¹O₂ produced from excitation of humic substances under irradiation was determined from the quenching kinetic experiment using molecular probe. The five main intermediate photoproducts of BPA in Nordic lake fulvic acid (NOFA) were tentatively identified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (GC/MS). Based on the identification of ROS and the analysis of photoproduct formation, the possible phototransformation pathways of BPA were proposed, involving the direct photolysis due to the energy transfer from the triplet state humic substance (³HS*) to BPA molecules and hydroxyl radical addition and oxidation as well.     

分光光度法测定COD_(Cr)的试验条件选择

用分光光度法测定水中化学需氧量ＣＯＤＣｒ,通过正交试验选择氧化的最佳选择。试验结果表明对ＣＯＤＣｒ值为５０～１０００ｍｇ／Ｌ的水样：氧化剂Ｋ２Ｃｒ２Ｏ７用量为０．２０～０．４０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,催化剂Ａｇ２ＳＯ４用量为１０ｇ／ＬＨ２ＳＯ４,消解时间１０ｍｉｎ,加热温度１８０℃。用ＣＯＤＣｒ为１３８ｍｇ／Ｌ的质控标样进行验证试验,其绝对误差为０．５～３．０ｍｇ／Ｌ。与标准方法相比用分光光度法测定ＣＯＤＣｒ具有分析误差小,省时、省力,节约药剂的特点。     

Comparison of Black Carbon,Total Organic Carbon,and PAH Concentrations in Surface Sediments from Two Main Rivers in Henan Province,China

Black carbon (BC) in surface sediments from Henan section of Yellow River and Huaihe River, China, was determined. Average content of BC in Huaihe River was 0.33%, higher than that in Yellow River (n?=?23) with mean value of 0.15%. Distribution patterns of BC in Yellow River and Huaihe River were similar, namely that tributaries had higher BC content than main stream. In addition, BC content in the mainstream of Yellow River and Huaihe River decreased with altitude. The BC content presented a significant positive correlation with clay (r?=?0.672; p?<?0.01) content in Yellow River, while neither did in Huaihe River. The ratio of BC/TOC ranged from 1.8–57.4% (median 29.6%), evidencing pyrogenic fossil fuel source of BC in Yellow River. Relatively low values of BC/TOC in Huaihe River (5.3%–28.8%, median 7.5%,) reflected that the origin of BC is from burning of biomass. In addition, Pearson rank correlation analysis showed that BC was in strong correlation with lighter PAH in Yellow River, while BC was in significant correlation with heavier PAH in Huaihe River. The ratio of BC/TOC indicated that BC in Yellow River mainly came from fossil fuel combustion, while BC in Huaihe River was primarily from biomass burning.     

河道底泥陶粒比表面测定

讨论了以河道底泥和生活污泥为原料烧制陶粒比表面的测定原理、方法和结果，并对生活污泥添加量、粘结刑添加量和烧结温度对陶粒比表面的影响作了进一步分析。     

错流式动态膜-生物反应器中污泥活性的研究

应用错流式动态膜-生物反应器(CDMBR)对己内酰胺废水进行了180 d的实验,实验过程中测定反应器的膜出水和上清液的水质,并对污泥进行了耗氧呼吸速率测定.结果表明,上清液COD一直保持在100mg/L以下,而膜出水的则保持在50 mg/L以下,膜对上清液的COD去除率达50%,而对氮的去除没有贡献.可溶性细胞产物(SMP)在反应器内容易积累,停留足够的时间后能被生物降解.通过投加抑制剂测定耗氧呼吸速率,发现异养菌、硝化细菌和亚硝化细菌的活性由于F/M的降低和SMP积累受到一定的抑制,但不影响系统的处理效率.跨膜压力、膜面流速越大,通量衰减得也就越快.     

新型混凝剂在废水处理中的应用研究

自行研发出一种新型混凝剂，它能广泛应用于印染废水、生活污水和餐饮废水等的处理。经过一步强化混凝处理后，各种废水的COD、色度和浊度等均有良好的去除效果。混凝污泥可以再生重复利用。     

酸性媒介黄GG生物降解性能的试验研究

通过试验研究酸性媒介黄GG染料在厌氧、好氧条件下的生物降解机理、降解能力及共代谢降解效果.试验结果表明,厌氧菌能够通过葡萄糖共代谢作用很快降解酸性媒介黄GG;而好氧条件下经驯化活性污泥不能降解酸性媒介黄GG,经过较长时间驯化活性污泥能降解酸性媒介黄GG,但降解效果很差.葡萄糖浓度的升高对提高酸性媒介黄GG厌氧生物降解率有利,当葡萄糖浓度为2000 mg/L时,40mg/L酸性媒介黄GG的12和60 h厌氧生物降解率分别达到81.5%和93.5%.酸性媒介黄GG浓度对厌氧菌的生物降解能力也有影响.当葡萄糖浓度为2000 mg/L,酸性媒介黄GG(浓度为20～100 mg/L)的厌氧降解率最好,降解效率达到了94%,说明厌氧菌对酸性媒介黄GG的降解能力较好.     

三峡库区垃圾污染现状及治理技术

如何搞好三峡库区的生态环境保护已成为全世界关注的课题，介绍了库区生活垃圾污染现状，并根据库区生活垃圾的特性及当地的经济发展和自然条件，对三峡库区生活垃圾的综合治理进行了系统研究，建议三峡库区垃圾实行分类收集，系统地将城区生活垃圾的管理、收集、运输和处理等各个环节有机结合起来，逐步建立起高效完善的现代化城市生活垃圾管理体系。重点介绍了准好氧垃圾卫生填埋技术和CBS（Cental Bilolgical System）城市生活垃圾高效菌种堆肥技术，秭归、巴东等烧煤区生活垃圾含无机物成分较高，建议选用准好氧填埋技术；涪陵、开县、忠县等燃气区生活垃圾有机物成分较高，已具备一定的资源化价值，高效菌种CBS堆肥技术在燃气区具有广阔的前景。     

环境材料及其评价方法

本文综述了环境材料的实质、特点及其与传统材料在主要内涵、研究重点、评价指标体系和材料选择原则的差异 ,并介绍了环境材料的评价体系与方法和设计原则     

堆肥中纤维素和木质素的生物降解研究现状

堆肥是垃圾处理的主要方法之一 ,厨房垃圾、园林垃圾、农村秸秆和日常生活中的废弃纤维产品均可作为堆肥原料 ,这些原料中含有一定量的纤维素和木质素 ,而纤维素和木质素在堆肥过程中较难生物降解。因此 ,国内外学者致力于研究能加速纤维素和木质素降解的高效微生物。研究发现 ,对纤维素和木质素有降解能力的微生物主要是高温放线菌和高温真菌 ,其中有独特降解机制的白腐菌在木质素降解中起着重要作用