国内外空气质量模型研究进展

本文系统总结了国内外空气质量模型的发展历程及最新进展,分析不同时期、不同类别空气质量模型的基本特征及适用条件,重点介绍ISC3、AERMOD、ADMS、CALPUFF四个法规化中小尺度空气质量模型及NAQPMS、WRF-CHEM、CAMx、CMAQ四个综合型区域尺度空气质量模型的基本原理及典型特征,探讨空气质量模型在我国实践应用中存在的主要问题。最后分析我国建设法规化空气质量模型的必要性,并提出法规化模型建设的前置条件及核心内容。     

Effect of bulk density of coking coal on swelling pressure

Coking coals are the important raw materials for the iron and steel industries and play an important role on its sustainable development, especially on the stamp-charging coke making with the characteristics of increasing the bulk density. There is a significance on the reasonable usage of the coking coal resource with the reduced production cost, improved efficiency of the economy to develop the stamp-charging coke making technology. Important effects of the density of coking coal on the coking and caking properties were investigated. In the article, the maximum values of swelling pressure and variation of Laowan gas coal and Xinjian 1/3 coking coal, Longhu fat coal and Didao coking coal, which were mined at Shenyang and Qitaihe respectively, were investigated under different bulk densities during the coking. The results showed that when the values of density increased from 0.85 ton/m³ to 1.05 ton/m³, for the Laowan gas coal, swelling pressure variation and even the maximum value changed slightly. The swelling pressure was 3.63 KPa when the density was improved to 1.05 ton/m³; for the Xinjian 1/3 coking coal, the values of swelling pressure changed significantly and the maximum values was 82.88 KPa with the density improved to 1.05 when the coal was heated to 600℃. The coke porosity, which was investigated by automatic microphotometer, decreased from 47.4% to 33.1% with the increasing of the density from 0.85 ton/m³ to 1.05 ton/m³, and the decreased value was 14.3%. Meanwhile, the pore structures of four cokes were characterized by an optical microscope.     

Effect of bulk density of coking coal on swelling pressure

Coking coals are the important raw materials for the iron and steel industries and play an important role on its sustainable development, especially on the stamp-charging coke making with the characteristics of increasing the bulk density. There is a significance on the reasonable usage of the coking coal resource with the reduced production cost, improved efficiency of the economy to develop the stamp-charging coke making technology. Important effects of the density of coking coal on the coking and caking properties were investigated. In the article, the maximum values of swelling pressure and variation of Laowan gas coal and Xinjian 1/3 coking coal, Longhu fat coal and Didao coking coal, which were mined at Shenyang and Qitaihe respectively, were investigated under different bulk densities during the coking. The results showed that when the values of density increased from 0.85 ton/m³ to 1.05 ton/m³, for the Laowan gas coal, swelling pressure variation and even the maximum value changed slightly. The swelling pressure was 3.63 KPa when the density was improved to 1.05 ton/m³; for the Xinjian 1/3 coking coal, the values of swelling pressure changed significantly and the maximum values was 82.88 KPa with the density improved to 1.05 when the coal was heated to 600°C. The coke porosity, which was investigated by automatic microphotometer, decreased from 47.4% to 33.1% with the increasing of the density from 0.85 ton/m³ to 1.05 ton/m³, and the decreased value was 14.3%. Meanwhile, the pore structures of four cokes were characterized by an optical microscope.     

火化烟气中二噁英类排放特征及其对周边环境影响研究

文章对国内不同地区8台无后处理设备和2台带有后处理设备的火化炉烟气中二噁英类的排放情况进行了研究。结果表明,8组未经后处理的烟气中二噁英类浓度范围为52.01～332.97 ng/m3,总二噁英类毒性当量浓度范围为:1.27～5.14 ng TEQ/m3,2组经后处理设备的火化机烟气中二噁英类浓度分别为16.53 ng/m3,20 ng/m3,总二噁英类毒性当量浓度分别为0.39 ng TEQ/m3,0.28ng TEQ/m3,均已降低到国标要求的0.5 ng TEQ/m3限制以下。对火化烟气中二噁英类同系物的分析表明,氯代数目多的同系物浓度要低于氯代数目少的同系物浓度。此外,对4个火葬场周边土壤中二噁英浓度的测试表明,火葬场周边土壤中二噁英浓度低于多数国家对于居住地二英土壤浓度的限制。该研究为火化烟气污染治理的进一步研究奠定了基础。     

河流-水库体系水体表层pCO_2时空变化特征及其扩散通量——以六冲河、洪家渡水库、红枫湖为例

为了了解筑坝后河流-水库体系CO2的释放特征,本研究于2011年5月至2012年5月调查了乌江流域的六冲河以及处于不同营养水平的洪家渡水库和红枫湖表层水体的基本物理、化学和生物参数及溶解无机碳碳同位素组成(δ13 CDIC),分析计算表层水体pCO2及水气界面的CO2交换通量(CO2flux)。六冲河、洪家渡水库和红枫湖表层水体的pCO2年平均值分别为684±195μatm、884±484μatm和592±596μatm,均大于大气中的pCO2,表现为大气CO2的源。红枫湖表层水体中的pCO2受到藻类等水生生物的作用最强,洪家渡水库次之,六冲河表层水体最弱,导致它们表层水体中的pCO2具有明显不同的时间分布特征,相应的CO2flux的时间分布也明显不同。红枫湖的初级生产力水平最高,在2011年5月至2011年9月时表现为大气CO2的汇,水气界面的交换通量平均为-5.70mmol.m-2.d-1。δ13 CDIC和pCO2同步变化揭示了水体表层pCO2时空变化受藻类等生物活动的影响。本研究表明,高频率的监测对于准确评估河流-水库体系CO2flux非常必要。     

贵阳市近郊不同人为干扰迹地土壤种子库与地上植被的关系

采用种子萌发试验对贵阳市乌当区马背山喀斯特次生林不同干扰迹地(弃耕干扰、火烧干扰和碎石堆积干扰)土壤种子库与地上植被的关系进行研究,结果显示:弃耕地、火烧地和碎石堆积地的地面植被的物种数和生活型比土壤种子库丰富,土壤种子库中乔木种类缺乏,以菊科、禾本科和豆科植物等草本植物占优势。3种干扰迹地地上植被物种丰富度指数、均匀度指数均大于土壤种子库,弃耕地土壤种子库的生态优势度指数大于地上植被,而碎石堆积地则小于地上植被。3种干扰迹地土壤种子库与地表植被的物种相似性系数分别为0.4000、0.4274和0.3556,表明不同人为干扰方式对地表植被和土壤种子库的影响程度不同。     

Effects of fenvalerate concentrations and its chiral isomers on bacterial community structure in the sediment environment of aquaculture ponds

To investigate the effect of chiral pesticide fenvalerate (FV) on the micro-ecological environment of aquaculture pond sediment, we used an indoor static experiment to observe the effects of FV added at different concentrations with different chiral isomers on the changes in the sediment bacterial community. The 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technique was used to conduct sequencing and analysis of the bacterial community structure as well as changes in aquaculture pond sediments after 4 weeks of cultivation. The results showed that the microbial alpha diversity indices (Sobs and Shannon indices) of the treated groups were significantly lower than those of the control group after 4 weeks (P < 0.05), and the values in the high-concentration group were significantly lower than those of the low-concentration group (P < 0.05). In terms of bacterial group composition, the proportion of abundance of Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria in the treated groups were greater than in the control group after 4 weeks, while the proportion of abundance of Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia were lower. In the high-concentration FV treatment group, the proportion of abundance of Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Nitrospinae, unclassified_k_norank, Ignavibacteriae, and Nitrospirae were significantly different from those of the other groups (P < 0.05). Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and ANONISIM/Adonis analysis showed that the cis-enantiomer had a stronger effect on the bacterial community as the concentration of FV increased. In addition, the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) results revealed differences in the level of enrichment of bacterial groups caused by FV at different concentrations and isomer levels. Collectively, this study showed that FV residue has a pronounced effect on bacterial communities in sediment, which becomes more significant with increasing exposure concentration. The effects of the cis- and trans-enantiomers of FV on the sediment environment are different; the cis-enantiomer has a stronger effect on the bacterial community.

     

A trust-enhanced and preference-aware collaborative method for recommending new energy vehicle

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - New energy vehicle (NEV), an Eco-friendly innovation to alleviate the problems of energy scarcity and environmental pollution, is increasingly popular...     

Antibiotic accumulation,growth performance,intestinal diversification,and function of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) feed by diets supplemented with different doses of sulfamethoxazole

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To comprehensively investigate the effects of exposure to legal doses of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), fishes were...     

三峡库区大宁河藻细胞昼夜垂直迁移研究

旨在准确为三峡库区藻华预警提供基础数据,本研究于2011年7月底在三峡库区大宁河流域进行藻细胞昼夜垂直迁移试验.结果表明,大宁河在此期间,藻细胞主要以绿藻、蓝藻、硅藻和甲藻为主;藻细胞在水体中的分布不均匀,72.5%～76.2%的藻细胞集中在0.5～4.0 m水体之间,0～0.5 m处藻细胞较少,占垂直水体藻密度的7.5%～16.3%,白天藻细胞Morisita指数(MI)为1.41～1.97,夜晚MI指数为1.17～1.55,叶绿素a白天MI指数为1.31～1.59,而夜晚MI指数为1.17～1.39.藻细胞在水体中存在明显的昼夜垂直迁移现象,该现象主要发生在0.5～4.0 m水体之间.水体中的藻密度受营养盐的影响较小,与可溶解性总磷显著相关(r=0.89),藻密度主要受温度、pH值和导电率影响,藻密度与温度、pH值和导电率呈极显著相关,相关系数分别为0.96、0.97和-0.99.