接触式污泥干化过程中SO_2吸收率的动态变化

根据接触式污泥干化工艺的实际运行参数,通过模拟试验,研究了污泥在干化过程中对烟气中二氧化硫(SO2)吸收率的动态变化及其影响因素,并对导致吸收率变化的原因进行了理论分析.结果表明,污泥对SO2的吸收率随干化温度的升高和气体流速的增大而减小,含水率为55%和75%的污泥对SO2的吸收率分别从干化温度80℃的16.0%和25.0%降至干化温度160℃的6.0%和7.0%,这是因为干化温度升高和气体流速增大,促使污泥水分加速蒸发,从而影响SO2从气相通过气膜向气液界面传递和扩散的过程,最终导致污泥对SO2吸收率的下降;污泥对SO2的吸收率随SO2浓度的增加没有明显的变化;污泥吸收SO2后,pH值降低表明了污泥吸收SO2发生了酸碱中和反应,污泥红外光谱证明污泥对烟气中SO2的吸收是一个化学吸收过程.     

关于再生资源增值税新政策实施后所带来的突出问题及建议

结合湖北省武汉市再生资源回收、经营企业的实际情况,论述了自2009年1月1日再生资源行业开始实行新的税收政策以来所面临的突出问题,即企业难以取得进项抵扣发票,税负增加过重;先征后退,税款占压资金,影响资金周转,增加资金成本;起初库存不能计算进项税额,加大库存商品亏损。并针对上述问题,提出具体建议。     

化学淋滤法去除污泥中Cr、Cu的研究

文章利用柠檬酸、硝酸以及硝酸和过氧化氢混合液对污泥进行淋滤处理,研究了污泥中重金属Cr、Cu的去除率,实验结果表明,混合淋滤优于单独淋滤,随着溶液浓度和淋滤量的增大,重金属去除率也呈增大趋势。在柠檬酸浓度为0．5mol／L,硝酸和过氧化氢混合液浓度为1．0mol／L。淋滤量为1000ml／kg的混合淋滤条件下,污泥中Cr、Cu去除率可以分别达到70．97％、90．33％,经处理后的污泥符合国家污泥农用标准。     

PCR-DGGE技术在内源细菌选择性激活过程中的应用

分子生态学技术的发展大大促进了人们对环境中微生物群落的认识,也为研究油藏微生物群落提供了一个新的工具.在模拟油藏条件下,应用PCRDGGE技术研究激活剂的注入对油藏微生物群落结构的影响,考察了激活过程中菌群结构的变化情况.分析了常压（1 MPa）和高压（10 MPa）下内源激活DGGE条带变化,进行了激活过程中的PCR序列分析,考察了激活不同阶段中的优势菌,将优势条带序列构建系统发育树,并对激活过程中主要内源菌所在类群分析.结果表明,高压条件下,优势菌群结构与常压下差异较大,常压激活和高压激活细菌类群数量变化差异显著;激活后,优势菌的种类有所增加,群落结构也发生了变化.激活前,优势菌是芽孢杆菌,而激活剂的加入使变形菌的在种类上得到增加.     

Evaluation of zeolites synthesized from fly ash as potential adsorbents for wastewater containing heavy metals

Both pure-form zeolites (zeolites A and X) were synthesized by applying a two-stage method during hydrothermal treatment of fly ash prepared initial gel. The difference of adsorption capacity of both fly ash-synthesized zeolits was assessed under the same adsorption conditions. Copper and zinc were chosen as target heavy metal ions. It was found that adsorption capacity of zeolite A showed much higher value than that of zeolite X. Thus, attention was focused on investigating the removal performance of heavy metal ions in aqueous solution on the synthetic pure-form zeolite A from fly ash, zeolite HS (hydroxyl-solidate) prepared from the residual fly ash (after synthesis of pure-form zeolite A from fly ash) and a commercial grade zeolite A. Batch method was employed to study the influential parameters such as initial pH value, adsorbents dosage and adsorption temperature on the adsorption process. The equilibrium data were well fitted by the Langmuir model and showed the affinity: Cu2+ > Zn2+ (adsorbent FA-ZA). The removal mechanism of metal ions followed adsorption and ion exchange processes. Attempts were also made to recover heavy metal ions and regenerate adsorbents (adsorbent FA-ZA).     

川西高原水环境的氧化还原特征初探

从川西高原饮用水赋存的环境-地质条件出发进行研究,较全面的探讨了该区气象、水文、土壤等环境要素对水中氧化还原电位的制约作用.通过对研究区内饮用水赋存环境的一系列环境地质调查与氧化还原电位的现场测试可以得出:(1)该研究区所处特殊的地理位置(青藏高原的东南部一横断山系北段,属川西高山高原区)导致该区具有冬长,无夏,春秋短,气温低,温差大等独有的气象条件;该区主要的构造侵蚀高山地貌类型导致地下水循环具有径流途径短,水力坡度大,水～土间交换作用十分强烈的特点,该区土壤的特点是淋滤作用较强且成弱酸性等,这三个环境要素的特点是直接导致该区饮用水中氧化还原电位值升高的主要原因;(2)由于不同类型水(河水、沟水、泉水、土井水)其与大气接触程度的差异导致其氧化还原值呈现由高到低的趋势,即河水>沟水>泉水>土井水.     

Bio-reduction of nitrate from groundwater using a hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor

A hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor(MBfR) using H2 as electron donor was investigated to remove nitrate from groundwater.When nitrate was first introduced to the MBfR,denitrification took place on the shell side of the membranes immediately,and the effluent concentration of nitrate continuously decreased with 100% removal rate on day 45 under the influent nitrate concentration of 5 mg NO3--N/L,which described the acclimating and enriching process of autohydrogenotrophic denitrification bacteria.A series of short-term experiments were applied to investigate the effects of hydrogen pressures and nitrate loadings on denitrification.The results showed that nitrate reduction rate improved as H2 pressure increasing,and over 97% of total nitrogen removal rate was achieved when the nitrate loading increased from 0.17 to 0.34 g NO3--N/(m2 ·day) without nitrite accumulation.The maximum denitrification rate was 384 g N/(m3 ·day).Partial sulfate reduction,which occurred in parallel to nitrate reduction,was inhibited by denitrififcation due to the competition for H2 .This research showed that MBfR is effective for removing nitrate from the contaminated groundwater.     

论元素丰度与环境友好型生产工艺

通过对地壳、海洋及人体中16种元素丰度的分析,得出了环境友好型生产工艺的3个特征,即：整体偏碱性、氧硫比接近2000：1、避免使用低丰度元素。此外还结合上述特征对加压氧化-氰化法和次氯酸钠一步浸金工艺的环境友好性进行了分析。     

印染污泥在草坪草栽培中的应用研究

为了解印染生化污泥对植物的生长影响,探讨了印染生化污泥在草坪草栽培中的应用.通过盆栽试验,研究8种草坪草在印染污泥和土壤的不同配比下的生长响应、印染污泥理化性质的变化以及重金属对环境的影响.试验结果表明:通过草坪草的栽培能明显改善印染生化污泥的理化性质,同时印染污泥对草坪草的生长有明显的促进作用,使植物叶色加深、生长速度加快.试验结果为印染废水生物处理方法产生的剩余污泥处置提供了1种新途径.     

环境监测工作中环境标准的应用

我国环境标准是环境法律、法规体系的重要组成部分。它是为了防治环境污染、维护生态平衡、保护人体健康,依照法律规定的程序,由立法机构或政府环保部门对环境保护领域中需要统一和规范的事项所制定的含有技术要求及相关管理规定的文件总称[1]。