喀斯特生境下AMF侵染对任豆生长的影响

喀斯特地区土壤退化,植被定植更新困难,丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)具有增强植物养分吸收能力和抵抗逆境胁迫能力。研究喀斯特生境下植物与AMF共生效果,选择优势菌种促进喀斯特植被恢复,对于提高植物定植成活率具有重要作用。以豆科植物任豆(Zenia insignis)幼苗为试验材料,盆栽条件下,选取喀斯特优势菌种-摩西球囊霉(Funneliformis mosseae)、根内球囊霉(Rhizophagus intraradices),2种菌根真菌混合菌剂进行接种,培养180 d,研究贫瘠喀斯特土壤生境和养分较高的滇柏林下土壤生境下AMF对任豆生长影响。结果表明:摩西球囊霉、根内球囊霉和混合接种均能侵染任豆根系,幼嫩根系更易侵染,木质化根系侵染率下降。接种摩西球囊霉,贫瘠喀斯特土壤生境下,株高、地径、地上生物量、地下生物量和总生物量分别提高68.92%、56.18%、83.90%、42.20%和67.34%;养分较高的滇柏林下喀斯特土壤生境下,株高、地上生物量、地下生物量和总生物量分别提高48.05%、6.77%、7.92%和8.89%;根内球囊霉处理接种效应低于摩西球囊霉和混合接种处理,对生物量增长为负效应,混合接种处理接种效应介于单接种之间,摩西球囊霉接种效果优于根内球囊霉和混合接种。摩西球囊霉在贫瘠喀斯特土壤生境下发挥的促生效应优于养分较高的喀斯特土壤,可作为喀斯特侵蚀区植被恢复菌根真菌干扰途径的优势菌种,混合接种作为接种剂具有单接种兼容效应。     

ZnFe_2O_4/AC脱硫剂再生方法的比较

采用水洗再生、N_2及N_2+NH_3气氛下的热再生以及微波辐射再生的方式对饱和ZnFe_2O_4/活性炭(AC)脱硫剂进行再生,并通过SEM,XRD,TG等技术进行表征。实验结果表明:水洗温度为90℃时,第一次水洗后ZnFe_2O_4/AC脱硫剂对SO_2的吸附容量(硫容)为122.0 mg/g;N_2氛围下热再生的最佳温度为500℃,ZnFe_2O_4/AC脱硫剂的硫容可达97.2 mg/g;N_2+NH_3氛围下热再生的最佳温度为400℃,ZnFe_2O_4/AC脱硫剂的硫容达到101.2 mg/g;当微波功率为100 W时,ZnFe_2O_4/AC脱硫剂的硫容为87.2 mg/g。对比三种再生方式,一次水洗再生具有更好的再生效果。     

人类活动强度对锦江浮游细菌群落结构的影响

为分析人类活动强度对锦江浮游细菌群落结构的影响机制,本研究于2021年1月（枯水期）和7月（丰水期）在锦江21个采样点采集表层水样,基于高通量测序技术研究浮游细菌群落特征,运用网络分析等方法阐明浮游细菌群落的交互作用,并探讨人类活动强度对其结构及构建过程的影响.结果表明：(1)枯/丰水期第一优势浮游细菌门均为变形菌门（Proteobacteria,53.08%/37.84%）,其次是放线菌门（Actinobacteriota,30.89%/32.05%）和拟杆菌门（Bacteroidota,9.41%/13.94%）;(2)与枯水期相比,丰水期浮游细菌群落的距离衰减效应更强,且其群落结构的季节变化大于人类活动强度影响下的空间变化,平均最近邻体指数（ENN＿MN）和农田是影响河流细菌群落的最主要因子,而该群落构建过程主要由不同水化学指标驱动;(3)Proteobacteria和Patescibacteria是浮游细菌群落交互作用的关键物种,低干扰强度下浮游细菌群落交互网络的稳定性优于其他干扰强度,林地和温度（T）分别是影响枯/丰水期网络稳定性的主要环境因子.(4)人类活动强度变化可通过调...     

秦皇岛市土地利用结构与土壤侵蚀空间格局分析

利用3S技术和景观生态学原理,以小流域为单元对秦皇岛市土地利用结构和土壤侵蚀等级类型进行空间分析,得出了不同土地利用结构所占面积和不同土壤侵蚀类型所占面积及分布小流域,并详细分析了秦皇岛市土壤侵蚀的主要影响因子和不同土地利用结构侵蚀现状。     

Glucuronidation of hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers and their modulation of estrogen UDP-glucuronosyltransferases

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) can be metabolically converted to their hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PBDEs). The estrogenic effects of PBDEs may be mediated by OH-PBDEs, but the mechanisms of which are still not understood. This study investigated the glucuronidation of 11 OH-PBDEs and their potential in modulating UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) activity of 17β-estradiol (E2) in rat liver microsomes. The number of bromine atoms at phenolic ring was observed as the most influential factor of OH-PBDEs glucuronidation. 2′-OH-BDE-28 having one bromine atom at phenolic ring showed the fastest metabolic rates with t_1/2 value of 3.86 min, while 6-OH-BDE-137 having four bromine atoms at phenolic ring was the poorest substrate with t_1/2 value over 60 min. Regarding to the modulation of E2-UGTs activity, the phenolic hydroxyl group in OH-PBDEs played an essential role. Depending on the substitution patterns of bromine and hydroxyl group, OH-PBDEs inhibited or stimulated E2-UGTs activity. Ten of OH-PBDEs inhibited both 3-glucuronidation and 17-glucuronidation of E2 with IC₅₀ values varying from 3.80 to 129.38 μM, while 3′-OH-BDE-100 exhibited stimulating effects on 3-glucuronidation with EC₅₀ value of 35.95 μM. Kinetic analysis suggested noncompetitive inhibition mode of E2 glucuronidation by 3′-OH-BDE-7, 6-OH-BDE-47 and 2′-OH-BDE-68 with K_i values varying from 11.95 to 67.22 μM. This study demonstrated OH-PBDEs exhibited large interindividual differences in glucuronidation and modulation of E2-UGTs activity. By inhibiting the formation of E2 glucuronidation, OH-PBDEs may increase E2 bioavailability in target tissue, thereby exerting an indirect estrogenic effect.     

Sensitive time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay for quantitative determination of clothianidin in agricultural samples

Europium (Eu³⁺)-labeled antibody was used as a fluorescent label to develop a highly sensitive time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA) for determination of clothianidin residues in agricultural samples. Toward this goal, the Eu³⁺-labeled polyclonal antibody and goat anti-rabbit antibody were prepared for developing and evaluating direct competitive TRFIA (dc-TRFIA) and indirect competitive TRFIA (ic-TRFIA). Under optimal conditions, the half-maximal inhibition concentration (IC₅₀) and the limit of detection (LOD, IC₁₀) of clothianidin were 9.20 and 0.0909 μg/L for the dc-TRFIA and 2.07 and 0.0220 μg/L for the ic-TRFIA, respectively. The ic-TRFIA has no obvious cross-reactivity with the analogues of clothianidin except for dinotefuran. The average recoveries of clothianidin from spiked water, soil, cabbage, and rice samples were estimated to range from 74.1 to 115.9 %, with relative standard deviations of 3.3 to 11.7 %. The results of TRFIA for the blind samples were largely consistent with gas chromatography (R ²?=?0.9902). The optimized ic-TRFIA might become a sensitive and satisfactory analytical method for the quantitative monitoring of clothianidin residues in agricultural samples.     

制备条件对二氧化钛纳米管光电催化性能的影响研究

采用电化学阳极氧化法制备二氧化钛纳米管(TNT),通过改变氧化时间和氧化电压来制备具有不同形貌结构的TNT,并探讨不同条件下制备的TNT对模拟污染物甲基橙的光电催化降解活性.结果表明,当氧化电压由45 V增加到60 V时,相同氧化时间下制得的TNT的管长、管径、长径比都明显增加,而管壁厚均相应减小,氧化时间和氧化电压对制得的TNT的管长、管径和管壁厚等形貌特征有着重要的影响;在45 V、4h,60 V、3h和60 V、6h下制备的TNT具有较佳的形貌结构(管长分别为12.41、20.35、25.85 μm,长径比分别为110、166、178),其中又以60 V、6h时制备的TNT具有最佳的光电催化活性,其光电催化降解甲基橙的表观拟一级动力学速率常数为2.26×10-3 min-1;相关性分析结果表明,TNT的长径比对其光电催化活性有着极重要的影响.     

Pulsed discharge plasma induced Fenton-like reactions for the enhancement of the degradation of 4-chlorophenol in water

To sufficiently utilize chemically active species and enhance the degradation rate and removal efficiency of toxic and biorefractory organic pollutant para-chlorophenol (para-CP), the introductions of iron metal ions (Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺) into either pulsed discharge plasma (PDP) process or the PDP process with TiO₂ photo-catalyst were tentatively performed. The experimental results showed that under the same experimental condition, the degradation rate and removal efficiency of para-CP were greatly enhanced by the introduction of iron ions (Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺) into the PDP process. Moreover, when iron ions and TiO₂ were added together in the PDP process, the degradation rate and removal energy of para-CP further improved. The possible mechanism was discussed that the obvious promoting effects were attributed to ferrous ions via plasma induced Fenton-like reactions by UV light irradiation excited and hydrogen peroxide formed in pulsed electrical discharge, resulting in a larger amount of hydroxyl radicals produced from the residual hydrogen peroxide. In addition, the regeneration of ferric ions to ferrous ions facilitates the progress of plasma induced Fenton-like reactions by photo-catalytic reduction of UV light, photo-catalytic reduction on TiO₂ surface and electron transfer of quinone intermediates, i.e. 1,4-hydroquinone and 1,4-benzoquinone.     

Major factors influencing the efficacy of vegetated buffers on sediment trapping: a review and analysis

Sediment is a major agricultural pollutant threatening water quality. Vegetated buffers, including vegetative filter strips, riparian buffers, and grassed waterways, are best management practices (BMPs) installed in many areas to filter sediments from tailwaters, and deter sediment transport to water bodies. Along with reducing sediment transport, the filters also help trap sediment bound nutrients and pesticides. The objectives of this study were: (i) to review vegetated buffer efficacy on sediment trapping, and (ii) to develop statistical models to investigate the major factors influencing sediment trapping. A range of sediment trapping efficacies was found in a review of over 80 representative BMP experiments. A synthesis of the literature regarding the effects of vegetated buffers on sediment trapping is needed. The meta-analysis results based on the limited data showed that buffer width and slope are two major factors influencing BMPs efficacy of vegetated buffers on sediment trapping. Regardless of the area ratio of buffer to agricultural field, a 10 m buffer and a 9% slope optimized the sediment trapping capability of vegetated buffers.     

2013年1月中国东部地区重污染过程中上海市细颗粒物的来源追踪模拟研究

大气PM_2.5是当前我国城市和区域面临的最突出的大气污染问题,然而PM_2.5及其关键组分污染的来源不清,严重制约了人们对PM_2.5 的科学认知和污染防控的步伐.本研究以2013年1月中国东部地区一次典型重污染过程为研究案例,利用CAMx三维模型中耦合了物种示踪机制的颗粒物来源追踪方法,探讨和揭示了中国东部地区代表性城市上海及周边地区共4个源区(上海、苏南、浙北、大区域)、8类污染源(包括燃烧源、生产工艺过程、流动源、生活面源、挥发源、扬尘源、农业源、天然源)对上海城区大气中PM_2.5及其关键组分包括水溶性无机离子(SO^2-₄、NO^-₃、NH⁺₄)、元素碳(EC)和有机碳(OC)的污染贡献.研究结果表明,2013年1月份中国东部出现严重灰霾污染期间,上海城区PM_2.5的主要区域贡献为上海本地污染源排放累积(PM_2.5浓度贡献平均为55.4%±22.3%)和长距离输送(38.4%±20.0%).上海地区8类主要排放源中,扬尘源贡献均值最大,达到30.7%±31.8%,其次为燃烧源18.2%±15.6%、流动源18.6%±17.5%、挥发类源16.9%±18.0%.对上海市PM_2.5组分的源解析研究发现,燃烧源对细颗粒物中硫酸盐和硝酸盐的浓度贡献最大,其浓度贡献分别达到56.2%和55.9%.铵盐中72.4%来源于挥发类源贡献,元素碳约78.3%来自于交通源贡献.挥发类源排放和流动源是主要的有机气溶胶贡献源,浓度贡献分别为36.2%和32.5%.