新型复合式除尘器

针对电、布除尘器的特点,提出了一种新型静电布袋混合式除尘器,并已应用于工业中。在没有使用任意阀门的前提下,该产品将电除尘器和布袋除尘器结合在一起,取长补短,充分发挥了电除尘器能大量收尘、节能、维护检修工作量小,还可捕集高比电阻和低比电阻等特殊干性粉尘,解决了电除尘难以净化的含微米或亚微米烟尘的难题。兼具布袋除尘器对粉尘粒度和比电阻不敏感、排放浓度低的优点。一级静电除尘器效率可达90%,对于粉尘浓度为30 g/m3左右的燃煤锅炉,经过静电除尘后进入滤袋的粉尘浓度只有3 g/m3。对于这种粉尘浓度,滤袋的清灰周期可达3 h以上。由于清灰周期的大大增长,可大大提高滤袋的寿命。该产品性价比优良、占地面积少、结构简单。尤其在净化效率、气体阻力等主要技术指标方面达到了环保要求。     

Ethylenediamine-modified activated carbon for aqueous lead adsorption

This study is to develop a carbon-based adsorbent containing multiple functional ligands for effective removal of lead ions from aqueous media. Activated carbon was oxidized by nitric acid, followed by chlorination with thionyl chloride and reaction with ethylenediamine. Modified activated carbon (MAC) was characterized using scanning electron microscopy in conjunction of energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and potentiometric titration. Surface characterizations confirmed that carboxyl, amine, and chlorine functional groups were effectively introduced onto the carbon surface by the treatments. The modifications lowered the pH at the point of zero charge (pH_pzc) from 9.6 to 2.55 and resulted in more negatively charged surfaces. Adsorptive experiments showed that aqueous Pb removal by MAC was faster, with a 62% higher capacity than the original activated carbon (60.2 vs. 37.2 mg g⁻¹).     

Mitigation and remediation technologies for organic contaminated soils

Organic contaminated soils have become a widespread environmental problem, which may lead to a great threat to the quality of agricultural production and to human health. Physical, chemical, and biological technologies have been employed for the mitigation and remediation of organic contaminated soils. This paper reviews the progress of mitigation and remediation technologies for organic contaminated soils and suggests two different strategies for the mitigation of ’slightly-contaminated’ agricultural soils and the remediation of ‘heavily-contaminated’ soils/sites, respectively. On this basis, directions for future research in this field are suggested.     

抗生素对微生物的联合与低剂量毒性研究进展

目前抗生素已成为一类不可忽视的环境污染物,它在环境中呈"混合-持久-低剂量"的暴露特征。因此,研究抗生素毒性效应,特别是它的联合毒性以及低剂量下毒性兴奋效应,对抗生素污染物生态风险的评价极其重要。以抗生素联合毒性的研究进展为主线,重点概述了抗生素二元混合物的急性和慢性联合毒性研究,指出了抗生素混合物间存在相互作用,它们的联合毒性并非表现为简单的加和或独立效应,且抗生素急性-慢性联合表现出的毒性效应也存在差异;发现了不仅单一抗生素具有Hormesis效应,低剂量抗生素二元混合物也具有Hormesis作用。但目前低剂量抗生素二元混合物对微生物的毒性兴奋效应研究较少,其毒性兴奋效应的预测和评价还有待进一步完善,以期为环境中抗生素的联合生态研究和风险评价提供理论依据。     

高速飞机弹射救生时的气流吹袭及其防护

飞行员在高速弹离飞机时,会受到气流的吹袭。如何防护高速弹射时受到的气流吹袭,是各国航空救生业一直致力解决的问题。本文介绍了高速气流吹袭的危害性和对人体的影响,以及可以采取的一些防护措施,供科研人员参考。     

吉林省主要覆膜作物地膜残留情况调查

通过文献调研、问卷调查和典型样点采集的方法对吉林省3种主要覆膜作物的地膜残留情况进行调查分析,结果表明：地膜残留量与覆膜年限、地膜回收方式以及种植作物种类密切相关。随覆膜时间的延长地膜残留量有增加的趋势。3种模式地膜残留量由高到低为：瓜菜模式〉玉米连作模式〉花生连作模式,连续覆膜10年,3种模式的地膜残留量分别为30、28.35 kg·hm^-2和15.9kg·hm^-2。以一级污染水平作为标准（75 kg·hm^-2）,覆膜量每年按75～150 kg·hm^-2、年残留率按1.2%～4.02%计,估算吉林省安全使用地膜的年限约为12～83年。     

联用技术在砷形态分析中的研究进展

摘要：目前用于元素砷的形态分析技术主要是色谱与原子光谱、质谱等的联用,最常用的是HPLC与ICP—OES、ICP—MS的联用,方法准确可靠,灵敏度高,但是不能提供砷化合物的分子结构信息。因此以色谱一电喷雾质谱（ESI—MS）的联用作为定性分析的主要手段,但是ESI—MS灵敏度低,易受基体干扰,因此需要复杂的前处理技术。     

Decomposition of hexachlorobenzene over Al2O3 supported metal oxide catalysts

Decomposition of hexachlorobenzene(HCB)was investigated over several metal oxides(i.e.,MgO,CaO,BaO,La2O3,CeO2,MnO2, Fe2O3,and Co3O4)supported on Al2O3,which was achieved in closed system at a temperature of 300°C.Catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation with different metal oxides loading and impregnating solvents.The decomposition effciency of different catalysts for this reaction depends on the nature of the metal oxide used,and Al2O3 supported La2O3 was found to be the most active one.Pe...     

焦化污水焚烧技术的可行性及前景分析

随着西部大开发的脚步,北方地区焦化行业的日渐壮大,很多小焦化企业纷纷关停,取而代之的是大规模的焦化企业。大规模焦化企业的发展可以以新带老,改善超标排放的现状,对保护当地环境起到积极作用,对焦化行业的规范运行也是个好的开始。然而不管规模如何壮大,焦化行业始终面临的一个严峻的问题就是污水排放问题。以前老套的污水处理难度大,效果差。现在出现了一种新的焦化废水处理工艺-污水焚烧技术。它作为处理焦化废水的另一种方法,其效果与可行性很具有研究价值。     

丙烯腈催化剂生产过程危害因素识别与控制

介绍了丙烯腈催化剂生产过程中的危害因素识别过程,并依据其危害的风险度提出应对措施,控制和减少丙烯腈催化剂生产过程中的风险.