含油污泥无害化处置优化研究及生命周期评价

提出含油污泥的优化处置方案,并通过生命周期评价方法(LCA)对优化方案进行环境影响评价。结果表明,与原处置工艺相比优化后环境负荷降低了99.62%。     

大伙房水库沉积物重金属形态分析及污染特征

采用BCR连续提取法对大伙房水库沉积物中7种重金属元素(Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Cd和Pb)的赋存形态进行了分析,并结合重金属总量讨论了各元素的潜在环境危害性. 结果表明,Cd主要以醋酸可提取态及可还原态存在,具有很强的环境危害; Pb主要以极高比例的可还原态存在,潜在环境危害较高; Zn,As和Cu存在较大比例的酸可提取态及可还原态,也具有一定程度的潜在环境危害; Cr和Ni以残渣态为主,产生环境危害的可能性极小. 相关分析结果显示,Cu,Zn,As,Cd和Pb各赋存形态含量及总量与沉积物性质之间的相关性均不显著,说明大伙房水库沉积物受到了这5种重金属元素外源输入的影响.      

海上石油平台消防泵细节设计

以有关规范标准为基础,结合国内海上平台消防泵设计,从细节方面对海上平台消防泵设计进行了研究讨论,主要包括海上平台消防泵性能选择、驱动时间、超压保护、最小流量保护、计量等。     

ABR-生物接触氧化法处理果汁废水实验分析

厌氧式折流反应器(Anaerobic Baffled Reactor,简称ABR)是一种新型高效厌氧反应器,具有工艺技术简单、建设投资费用低、运行管理方便、固液分离效果好、出水水质好、运行稳定可靠、对有毒物质适应性强等优点,是一种极具开发应用前景的废水生物处理新技术。ABR最大的特点是在反应器中设置上下折流板而在水流方向上形成依次串联的隔室,从而使其中的微生物种群沿长度方向的不同隔室实现产酸和产甲烷相的分离。该反应器具有结构简单,截留污泥能力强,系统处理效果稳定,运行管理方便等优点。分析了ABR及ABR与其它工艺的联合在果汁废水处理方面的应用。     

Conceptual study on incorporating user information into forecasting systems

The purpose of improving weather forecast is to enhance the accuracy in weather prediction. An ideal forecasting system would incorporate user-end information. In recent years, the meteorological community has begun to realize that while general improvements to the physical characteristics of weather forecasting systems are becoming asymptotically limited, the improvement from the user end still has potential. The weather forecasting system should include user interaction because user needs may change with different weather. A study was conducted on the conceptual forecasting system that included a dynamic, user-oriented interactive component. This research took advantage of the recently implemented TIGGE (THORPEX interactive grand global ensemble) project in China, a case study that was conducted to test the new forecasting system with reservoir managers in Linyi City, Shandong Province, a region rich in rivers and reservoirs in eastern China. A self-improving forecast system was developed involving user feedback throughout a flood season, changing thresholds for flood-inducing rainfall that were responsive to previous weather and hydrological conditions, and dynamic user-oriented assessments of the skill and uncertainty inherent in weather prediction. This paper discusses ideas for developing interactive, user-oriented forecast systems.     

胜利原油对半滑舌鳎幼鱼肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和谷胱甘肽转硫酶活性的影响

在实验室条件下研究了不同浓度胜利原油暴露1、2、4、8、15d以及解除污染1d和3d后对半滑舌鳎幼鱼肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶( GSH-PX)和谷胱甘肽转硫酶(GST)活性的影响.结果表明:曝油15d内,各浓度组GSH-PX活性呈峰值变化,先增大后减小,第4d时升高到最大值,其中3.2 mg/L组在第1d就被显著诱导(P...     

Three-dimensional fluorescence spectral characterization of soil dissolved organic matters in the fluctuating water-level zone of Kai County, Three Gorges Reservoir

Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy was used to investigate the fluorescent properties of soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the water-level-fluctuation zone (WLFZ) of Kai County, Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR). Most of the soil DOM analyzed in this study was found to contain four fluorescence peaks. Peaks A and C represent humic-like fluorescence, whereas peaks B and D represent tryptophan-like fluorescence. Peaks E and F, which represent tyrosine-like fluorescence, only appeared in certain soils. Soil humus was the main source of DOM in soil, and higher concentration of soil DOM was found in the exposed soil than submerged soil. Compared to the peaks A and B, the fluorescence intensities of peaks C and D were strongly influenced by the fluctuating water level. Analysis of fluorescence intensities of different peaks in soil DOM showed that WLFZ soil was not contaminated significantly. Soil DOM contained at least two types of humic-like fluorescence groups and two types of protein-like fluorescence groups. The proportion of the content of peak A in soil organic matter was quite stable. The soil DOM in exposed soil had relatively high humification and aromaticity, and periodic submerging and exposure of soil had an impact on the humification of soil DOM.     

高温碱间歇式处理对互花米草厌氧发酵特性的影响

以互花米草为原料,采用中温(35±1)℃批式发酵的方式,考察了NaOH高温碱间歇式处理对互花米草厌氧消化过程的影响.结果表明,互花米草一次发酵至产气停止,单位TS产气量为263mL/g,发酵过程中出现酸化现象, pH值最低为5.17.二次发酵原料为一次发酵后的固体残余物,主要组分为可分解有机物以及一些难分解有机物,过程中未出现酸化现象, pH值经短暂下降后很快稳定在7.5左右,累积产气量在一次发酵的基础上提高了46%.互花米草单位TS产气量为383mL/g.消化液中有机酸乙酸含量最大,丙酸和丁酸含量相当.     

浅谈生物资源平衡与生态平衡

地球是一个具有一定自洁、自我修复功能的大生态系统,它由各种植物、动物、人类、微生物有机的组成,维持着自然界的生态平衡。而大量的人类活动给地球的生态平衡产生了较大影响,特别是明显加快的城市化进程,使得这种平衡逐渐受到不可逆的破坏。论文重点分析了城市化给生态平衡所带来的问题,并由此提出了从生物链的角度建立生物资源平衡,从而实现新的生态平衡。将城市污染物的资源化和生态平衡联系起来,通过建立生物资源补充机制、改变城市垃圾和污水的处理方法等措施,促进生物资源平衡,在相对较大的范围内实现人类发展与自然相协调,实现可持续发展。     

承德市降水化学特性分析

分析了我市五年来酸雨化学特性和发展趋势,指出了酸雨的主要来源和控制酸雨产生的措施。