Development of machine learning multi-city model for municipal solid waste generation prediction

● A database of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation in China was established. ● An accurate MSW generation prediction model (WGMod) was constructed. ● Key factors affecting MSW generation were identified. ● MSW trends generation in Beijing and Shenzhen in the near future are projected. Integrated management of municipal solid waste (MSW) is a major environmental challenge encountered by many countries. To support waste treatment/management and national macroeconomic policy development, it is essential to develop a prediction model. With this motivation, a database of MSW generation and feature variables covering 130 cities across China is constructed. Based on the database, advanced machine learning (gradient boost regression tree) algorithm is adopted to build the waste generation prediction model, i.e., WGMod. In the model development process, the main influencing factors on MSW generation are identified by weight analysis. The selected key influencing factors are annual precipitation, population density and annual mean temperature with the weights of 13%, 11% and 10%, respectively. The WGMod shows good performance with R² = 0.939. Model prediction on MSW generation in Beijing and Shenzhen indicates that waste generation in Beijing would increase gradually in the next 3–5 years, while that in Shenzhen would grow rapidly in the next 3 years. The difference between the two is predominately driven by the different trends of population growth.     

类燃料电池技术处理难降解有机废水

提出了一种新型的难降解有机废水处理技术,即在常温常压下采用类燃料电池装置降解废水的同时获取电能。以甲酸为模拟废水,考察了H2O2浓度、流量、电解质浓度及渗透压对产电性能的影响。研究发现,HCOOH浓度为0.5 mol/L,H2O2质量分数为10%,流量为13.5 mL/min,两极分别加入0.1 mol/L Na2SO4,4 h库仑效率可达到13.93%。结果表明,采用燃料电池技术降解废水的同时可以获取电能,其在废水处理领域将有广阔的应用前景。     

硫化亚铁纳米粒子吸附地下水中的镉

用羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)作为稳定剂制备FeS纳米粒子,研究FeS纳米粒子对地下水中镉的吸附性能。讨论了反应时间、CMC添加量、腐殖酸对CMC-FeS纳米粒子吸附镉的影响。结果发现,FeS纳米粒子吸附镉的动力学过程符合准二级动力学,吸附等温线符合Freundlich模型。吸附量随CMC添加量的增加而增加,当CMC和FeS的摩尔比增加到0.0010时,吸附量最大,此后随着CMC添加量的增大,吸附量又降低。腐殖酸(HA)的加入有利于FeS纳米粒子对镉的吸附。     

“十五”期间总站重点建设工作设想

根据总站的职责 ,结合总站的现实条件 ,提出了“十五”期间总站的四大重点建设工作 ,一是加快总站现代化建设步伐 ,建成全国环境质量研究中心、全国环境监测数据现代化监控中心、具有国际水平的环境监测分析测试中心、全国生态环境监测遥感应用中心、全国环境监测仪器质量监督检验中心等五个中心 ,建设现代化的总站业务大楼 ;二是强化监测基础技术的系统研究 ;三是培养监测领域专家和学科带头人 ;四是提升总站的现代化管理水平。     

The abundance,characteristics and diversity of microplastics in the South China Sea: Observation around three remote islands

• A high abundance of floating MPs was found in the southern South China Sea. • Transparent film and fiber were predominant in water and organisms, respectively. • 84.7% of floating MPs and 54.5% of MPs in vivo belonged to PP and PE. • Characteristics of MP in organisms were different from those of inshore ones. Surrounded by emerging markets with considerable plastic consumption, the South China Sea has been a focus area of microplastic research. A survey on the floating microplastics (>0.3 mm) and microplastics ingested by fish and mollusks was conducted around three remote islands here. Compared with the results from several previous studies, a high abundance of floating microplastics (with a median of 1.9 × 10⁵ items/km² or 0.7 items/m³) was observed, revealing another “hot spot” for microplastics. Polyolefin, especially polypropylene, was the main component. The diversity index and evenness index were calculated and evaluated based on the composition of microplastics. The characteristic peaks of Raman spectra concerning pigmented microplastics were provided. Transparent sheets/films were predominant in the water sample, which was quite different from a similar study in this sea area (8.9% for film), and only 16.4% of floating microplastics (>0.3 mm) were fibers/lines, implying that the main sources of floating microplastics (>0.3 mm) might be household/agricultural consumption activities. The transparent fiber/line was also dominant in organisms. It is suggested that the main sources of microplastics ingested by organisms might be both fabric fibers and fishing/aquaculture.     

钢框架连续倒塌动力效应研究

为了研究钢框架连续倒塌动力效应,采用瞬时加载法对平面和空间钢框架柱失效后动力效应进行了研究。采用基于等效塑性转角和等效竖向位移的荷载增大系数来衡量结构的动力效应,分析跨数、层数、高宽比、柱失效位置、节点转动刚度及空间作用等参数对结构动力效应的影响,研究成果可为抗连续倒塌设计提供参考。     

机动车污染排放模型研究综述

过去几十年,为了掌握机动车污染排放的规律和特征,向决策者提供科学有效的机动车污染控制措施,研究者们致力于研究机动车污染物排放的物化原理和影响机动车污染的主要因素,并据此建立多种尺度的机动车排放模型,以模拟城市区域或者街道的污染物排放.为了分析机动车的瞬态排放特征,目前的机动车排放模型研究正逐渐从宏观向微观发展,排放测试方法注重获取逐秒的排放数据,排放模型模拟的时间尺度和空间尺度逐步趋向微观.此外,机动车模型研究正趋向与交通模型进行耦合,从而揭示机动车在实际道路交通流中的排放特征.从机动车排放的主要影响因素、机动车排放测试、机动车排放因子模型及机动车排放清单等4个方面综述了国内外机动车排放研究现状和发展动向,对比并评价各种机动车排放模型方法的优缺点和适用范围,对我国的机动车排放模型发展方向进行了展望.     

Oxidative stress in liver of turtle Mauremys reevesii caused by cadmium

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The research was designed to examine oxidative stress of the liver of turtle Mauremys reevesii caused by cadmium (Cd). Turtles were injected...     

加深对当前火灾特点的认识搞好火灾防治

1引言 近年来,我国的火灾形势比较严峻,连续发生了多起特大和重大建筑火灾.尽快采取有效措施,改变这种局面,已经成为党和政府高度重视、人民普遍关心的问题.     

炼化企业低温余热利用技术探讨＊

目前炼化企业有大量的低温余热需要回收,了解低温余热的来源、回收途径和技术,对提高低温余热利用效率十分重要。文章对炼厂低温余热的主要来源、利用途径和技术进行综合分析,提出炼厂低温余热回收利用的一些建议。