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121.
John A. Connor Lisa J. Molofsky Shawn M. Paquette Robert E. Hinchee Shilpi P. Desai Miriam K. Connor 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》2011,21(3):121-144
This article quantifies the nature, frequency, and cost of environmental remediation activities for onshore oil and gas operations, as determined from over 4,100 environmental remediation cases in Texas, Kansas, New Mexico, and Colorado. For the purpose of this article, “remediation'' refers to cleanup efforts that entail longer‐term site characterization, monitoring, and remedial action beyond the initial spill cleanup or emergency response stage. In addition, data are also presented regarding short‐term spill cleanup activities in two of the four states. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
122.
Kačániová M Juráček M Chlebo R Kňazovická V Kadasi-Horáková M Kunová S Lejková J Haščík P Mareček J Simko M 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2011,46(7):623-629
Contamination by microscopic fungi and mycotoxins in different bee pollen samples, which were stored under three different ways of storing as freezing, drying and UV radiation, was investigated. During spring 2009, 45 samples of bee-collected pollen were gathered from beekeepers who placed their bee colonies on monocultures of sunflower, rape and poppy fields within their flying distance. Bee pollen was collected from bees' legs by special devices placed at the entrance to hives. Samples were examined for the concentration and identification of microscopic fungi able to grow on Malt and Czapek-Dox agar and mycotoxins content [deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 toxin (T-2), zearalenone (ZON) and total aflatoxins (AFL), fumonisins (FUM), ochratoxins (OTA)] by direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The total number of microscopic fungi in this study ranged from 2.98 ± 0.02 in frozen sunflower bee pollen to 4.06 ± 0.10 log cfu.g(-1) in sunflower bee pollen after UV radiation. In this study, 449 isolates belonging to 21 fungal species representing 9 genera were found in 45 samples of bee pollen. The total isolates were detected in frozen poppy pollen 29, rape pollen 40, sunflower pollen 80, in dried poppy pollen 12, rape pollen 36, sunflower 78, in poppy pollen after UV radiation treatment 54, rape 59 and sunflower 58. The most frequent isolates of microscopic fungi found in bee pollen samples of all prevalent species were Mucor mucedo (49 isolates), Alternaria alternata (40 isolates), Mucor hiemalis (40 isolates), Aspergillus fumigatus (33 isolates) and Cladosporium cladosporioides (31 isolates). The most frequently found isolates were detected in sunflower bee pollen frozen (80 isolates) and the lowest number of isolates was observed in poppy bee pollen dried (12 isolates). The most prevalent mycotoxin of poppy bee pollen was ZON (361.55 ± 0.26 μg.kg(-1)), in rape bee pollen T-2 toxin (265.40 ± 0.18 μg.kg(-1)) and in sunflower bee pollen T-2 toxin (364.72 ± 0.13 μg.kg(-1)) in all cases in frozen samples. 相似文献
123.
Gutiérrez Miriam Molero Rafael Gaju Miquel van der Steen Josef Porrini Claudio Ruiz José Antonio 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(10):10436-10448
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nectar of honeybee colonies has been used in order to identify heavy metals and establish the benefit of this type of studies as a tool for... 相似文献
124.
DGT use in contaminated site characterization. The importance of heavy metal site specific behaviour 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The objective of this study is to provide an insight into the techniques for measuring the lability of heavy metals in solid-phase pool of soils in order to assess the environmental risk arising from pollution. The technique of diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) and a sequential extraction procedure were used to quantify the labile pools of Cu, Fe, Mn and Ni. These results were compared to metal concentrations in groundwater, measured directly using the in situ piezometers, and to the total concentration of metal in the soils. High concentrations of metal in the directly analysed soil solution compared to DGT measurement were attributed to the presence of colloidal metal. The use of DGT allowed only to calculate leaching parameters of the free ions and labile fractions of the metals. For this reason DGT technique needs preliminary investigation on metal speciation in soil solution before its application as a good tool in the characterization procedure of contaminated sites. 相似文献
125.
Nitrate (NO3-), ammonium (NH4+) and pH were monitored with a novel flow cell equipped with ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) in a drainage pipe during one year. The high temporal resolution of the measurements (six measurements per hour) allowed the detection of diurnal oscillations in pH, NO3- and NH4+ concentrations, the relation of variations in concentrations to discharge rates changing during rain events, understanding of the processes resulting in such variations and tracing of unpredictable manure spills. Annual loads estimated from random samples collected every second day tended to underestimate the "true" loads calculated from quasi-continuous electrode measurements by 550% for NH4+ and 22% for NO3-. 相似文献
126.
Carla Ximena Salinas Jorge Gironás Miriam Pinto 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2016,21(8):1235-1246
The aim of this study is to address the problem of balance between water scarcity and sustainability, which are the key components of water security of cities located in arid lands, particularly those under constant expansion and population growth. In this paper, we have highlighted the problem of water security for the sustainability of the La Serena-Coquimbo conurbation (LSCC). The coastal LSCC is located at the outlet of the Elqui River basin, in the southern edge of the Chilean Atacama Desert. We have analyzed the available information including drinking water production and consumption data, groundwater levels, precipitation data and population data. Between the years 2009 and 2013 the total water consumption for the area has significantly increased. On the other hand, there has been a significant decrease trend in the precipitations and the groundwater levels show a decrease of about 30 m between the years 1995 and 2014. In a few years, this urban area could face a general water scarcity problem if the drought conditions remain unchanged and if the water demand trend for the agricultural, mining and drinking water continues its increasing. The cities located in the arid lands are particularly vulnerable to water scarcity because their populations are highly concentrated and requires reliable supplies of water to make possible human and economic activities. We discuss how adaptation of the arid land urban areas to water scarcity requires a range of solutions, including economic incentives, regulatory measures, and technology. 相似文献
127.
Miriam A. Martins Alho Diego Grassi Alicia Fernández Cirelli Norma B. D’Accorso 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2009,7(3):271-275
The use of a new material (MFPAN) for copper remotion from aqueous solution is reported. An industrial fibber polymer (FPAN)
was modified by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to include tetrazole moieties, as pendant groups. A minimum ratio Cu/MPFAN is required
to enable precipitation, suggesting a pseudo stoichiometry. Both polymer and metal can be quantitatively recovered from the
precipitate by acidification. This recovery ensures a recyclable use of this new material. 相似文献
128.
Miriam Fluckiger George D. Jackson Peter Nichols Patti Virtue Adam Daw Simon Wotherspoon 《Marine Biology》2008,154(2):363-372
Fatty acid analysis is an alternative dietary investigation tool that complements the more traditional techniques of stomach
content and faecal analysis that are often subject to a wide range of biases. In applying fatty acid analysis to ecosystem
studies, it is important to have an understanding of the effect diet has on the fatty acid profile of the predator. A feeding
experiment, using crustacean and fish as prey for the European cuttlefish Sepia officinalis, was conducted to evaluate the effect of prey fatty acids on the fatty acid profile of this marine predator. Cuttlefish were
fed on a fish diet for the first 29 days, and then changed to a crustacean diet for a further 28 days. Another group of cuttlefish
was fed on a crustacean diet for the first 29 days, and then changed to a fish diet for a further 28 days. An analysis of
the cuttlefish digestive gland showed that the fatty acid profile reflected that of the prey, with cuttlefish on a crustacean
diet being clearly distinguishable from the cuttlefish on a fish diet. Cuttlefish fed on a fish diet for 29 days prior to
the switch in diet were comparatively higher in 16:0, AA, 20:1ω9, DPA6, DHA, 22:4ω6 and DPA3 than those fed on crustaceans.
Cuttlefish fed on a crustacean diet for 29 days prior to the switch in diet were comparatively higher in 17:1ω8, 18:1ω9, 18:2ω6,
18:1ω7, EPA and 20:2ω6 than those fed on fish. Following a change in diet, the fatty acid profile of the cuttlefish digestive
gland reflected that of the new diet within 14 days. The results confirm that the fatty acid profile of the cuttlefish digestive
gland clearly reflects the profile of its recent diet. It also shows that the digestive gland may not be an organ that accumulates
dietary lipids for long-term storage, but rather is an organ where lipids are rapidly being turned over and potentially excreted. 相似文献
129.
130.
The mechanical performance of rubber-modified asphalt roads depends, besides the intrinsic properties of the constituents (asphalt, rubber and gravel), on their interfaces. To improve the adhesion between constituents, two different coupling agents were required: one to link asphalt with the rubber particles to stabilize the composite creating an elastic network in the interior of the material to improve its elastic recovery, and other to increase the adhesion between the hydrophobic asphalt and the hydrophilic gravel. A phenolic resin was used to link the rubber particles with the asphalt, while a switterionic molecule (phosphatidyl-choline) was used to change the OH groups on the gravel surface by hydrocarbon chains to make it compatible with the asphalt. 相似文献