Profiles and removal efficiency of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by two different types of sewage treatment plants in Hong Kong

Sewage discharge could be a major source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in the coastal waters. Stonecutters Island and Shatin Sewage Treatment Works(SCISTW and STSTW)in Hong Kong, adopted chemically enhanced primary treatment and biological treatment,respectively. This study aimed at(1) determining the removal efficiencies of PAHs,(2) comparing the capabilities in removing PAHs, and(3) characterizing the profile of each individual PAHs, in the two sewage treatment plants(STPs). Quantification of 16 PAHs was conducted by a Gas Chromatography. The concentrations of total PAHs decreased gradually along the treatment processes(from 301 ± 255 and 307 ± 217 ng/L to 14.9 ± 12.1 and 63.3 ± 54.1 ng/L in STSTW and SCISTW, respectively). It was noted that STSTW was more capable in removing total PAHs than SCISTW with average total removal efficiency 94.4% ± 4.12% vs. 79.2% ± 7.48%(p 0.05). The removal of PAHs was probably due to sorption in particular matter, confirmed by the higher distribution coefficient of individual and total PAHs in solid samples(dewatered sludge contained92.5% and 74.7% of total PAHs in SCISTW and STSTW, respectively) than liquid samples(final effluent-total contained 7.53% and 25.3% of total PAHs in STSTW and SCISTW, respectively).Despite the impressive capability of STSTW and SCISTW in removing PAHs, there was still a considerable amount of total PAHs(1.85 and 39.3 kg/year, respectively for the two STPs) being discharged into Hong Kong coastal waters, which would be an environmental concern.     

土壤中苯氧羧酸类除草剂的降解动态

在室内模拟条件下研究了 2甲 4氯、2,4-D和除草醚在土壤中的降解动态 .将它们放在 3种不同有机质含量的土壤中培养 ,隔一段时间取出测定它们在土壤中的含量 ,发现随着时间的延长 ,它们的含量在逐渐减少 .在未考虑土壤中微生物的作用时 ,上述 3种农药在土壤中的稳定性与土壤中的有机质含量及 pH值似乎存在一定的相关性 .除草剂在有机质含量高的土壤中降解较快 ,2甲 4氯 ,2 ,4-D和除草醚在黑土中的降解半衰期分别为 28.6d,27.3d,71.5d;而在红土中的降解半衰期分别为223.6d,301.4d,97.6d,苯氧羧酸类除草剂在酸性土壤中表现得更为稳定 .     

环境友好型淋洗剂对重金属污染土壤的修复效果

以广西某废弃铅锌冶炼企业重金属复合污染土壤为对象,采用土柱淋洗的方法,分别将自制的茶皂素、柠檬酸和EDTA 3种淋洗剂进行复合淋洗,并对复合淋洗的最佳配比、淋洗剂添加方式和淋洗时间进行研究,得到对环境友好且淋洗效果好的复合淋洗剂。最后,对淋洗前后土壤中Cu、Pb和Zn的赋存形态进行研究,探讨淋洗机理。研究结果表明,茶皂素和柠檬酸复合时对重金属Cu、Pb、Zn的去除率分别达到了77.00%、52.09%和58.66%,综合考虑淋洗效率以及经济环保等因素,选择将茶皂素和柠檬酸复合进行淋洗。复合淋洗实验结果表明,柠檬酸和茶皂素体积比为3∶1复合方式淋洗30 h,淋洗效果最佳,对重金属Cu、Pb和Zn的去除率分别达到82.77%、65.49%和78.12%。茶皂素和柠檬酸复合淋洗能有效的去除土壤中酸可提取态和有机结合态的重金属,氧化物结合态的Pb和Zn也有较大程度的降低,同时还发现,茶皂素和柠檬酸共同作用对残余态的Pb去除效果也较好,可达到50%以上。从茶籽饼中提取茶皂素与天然有机酸柠檬酸复合淋洗,用于修复污染面积小、污染浓度高且污染比较集中的重金属污染土壤,效果好且对环境友好。     

基于多重退化路径模型的FLNG液化系统寿命预测

为提高FLNG液化系统使用寿命的预测准确性,本文针对FLNG液化系统建立考虑多组分相关性的多重退化路径模型(MDDPM),计算出液化系统的Phase-Type寿命分布密度函数和预测寿命;以丙烷预冷混合制冷剂液化系统为例,应用MDDPM计算得到液化系统的预测寿命,并与仅考虑固有依赖条件下的液化系统预测寿命进行对比.结果表明:基于MDDPM的液化系统预测寿命比仅考虑固有依赖条件下的液化系统预测寿命短258天.系统各组分间相关性考虑不充分而导致液化系统预测寿命估计过高不容忽视,使用MDDPM进行寿命预测更准确、更安全.     

Secular trends in global burden of diabetes attributable to particulate matter pollution from 1990 to 2019

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Increasing evidence suggests an association between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, there is still a...     

DESA: a novel hybrid decomposing-ensemble and spatiotemporal attention model for PM2.5 forecasting

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Exposure to fine particulate matter can easily lead to health issues. PM2.5 concentrations are associated with various spatiotemporal factors, which...     

Sustainable ternary cement blends with high-volume ground granulated blast furnace slag–fly ash

Environment, Development and Sustainability - Coal fly ash and granulated ground blast furnace slag (GGBS) are more widely used as supplementary cementitious materials in cement production. This...     

可持续发展评估的新方法：“甜甜圈”理论的中国案例分析

“甜甜圈”理论是行星边界可持续发展评估体系中不可或缺的一部分。在原有的15个社会经济系统评估维度的基础上,针对不同研究样本概括了每个维度对应的具体指标,并总结了指标阈值设定的方法,包括惯例的延续、经验的借鉴以及典型样本的参考等。在此基础上,利用统计年鉴和中国综合社会调查（CGSS）数据,创新性地将“十二五”规划文件中相关指标的预期值设定为阈值,揭示了中国在收入水平和工作机会方面已达到最优状态,贫困问题得到了一定程度的解决,但水资源和能耗方面表现不佳;中国南部地区“自西向东”可持续发展程度越来越高,中国北部则是“自北往南”。社会经济系统需要在内容的丰富、理论的深化和阈值的客观设定等方面进一步完善。     

Nitrogen modulates early growth and physio-biochemical attributes in fragrant rice grown under cadmium and multiwall carbon nanotubes stresses

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nitrogen (N) modulates plant growth, but its impact on the early growth and physio-biochemical characteristics of rice under cadmium (Cd) and...