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201.
Steven R. Abt Rodney J. Wittier James F. Ruff Mohammad S. Khattak 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1988,24(6):1193-1200
ABSTRACT: A series of flume tests were conducted to determine the flow resistance of angular shaped riprap in steep channels. Flow resistance was expressed in terms of the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor and the Manning's roughness coefficient. Prototype channels of 4 ft. (1.2 m) and 12 ft. (3.7 m) in width were constructed at slopes ranging from 0.01 to 0.20. The channel beds were comprised of angular riprap of median diameters of 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 inches (2.59, 5.59, 10.41, 12.95, and 15.75 cms). The Darcy-Weisbach and Manning's coefficients were determined for each test condition prior to bed failure. The resulting Darcy-Weisbach coefficients were related to the channel energy gradient and the bed relative submergence for highly turbulent flow. Also, Manning's roughness coefficients were related to the product of the median stone diameter and energy gradient. Because of the angular shape of the riprap and the wedging and/or packing of the bed materials, the resistance to flow was found to exceed the flow resistance values predicted by previous studies. Expressions were presented for estimating the resistance to flow for angular riprap in steep channels. 相似文献
202.
The physico-chemical characteristics of the drinking water in nine residential halls of the Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P. (India), were studied. Nine samples each of running and standing water were taken four times over a period of one month at weekly intervals from all of the residential halls and were analysed for physico-chemical characteristics and heavy metal contents. The temperature, pH and electrical conductivity of water samples ranged between 20.0–26.0°C; 7.00–8.00 and 116.00–199.04 micromhos cm–1 respectively whereas the values of total alkalinity, total hardness, Cl–, SO
4
–
, F–, NH3–N, NO2–N; NO3–N were found between 261.00–396.00; 128.00–200.00; 8.00–69.00; 12.00–46.00; 0.90–1.35; 0.20–0.44; ND; 1.60–6.50 mg l–1 respectively. The ranges of heavy metal concentrations in the running water samples were as follows: Cd (0.70–3.75); Cr (ND-5.00); Co (9.50–18.75); Cu (0.75–15.00); Fe (ND-13.50); Mn (3.50–51.00); Ni (7.00–17.50); Pb (0.50–2.50) and Zn (10.00–176.50) g l–1. The heavy metal concentrations in standing water samples were found to be: Cd (1.20–4.90); Cr (ND-10.00); Co (10.25–19.00); Cu (1.75–20.00); Fe (ND-18.00); Mn (5.00–66.50); Ni (8.75–19.75); Pb (0.75–5.50) and Zn (28.60–364.00) g l–1. The concentrations of heavy metals in drinking water supplies of the Aligarh Muslim University campus were well below the guidelines for drinking water quality as prescribed by World Health Organisation (1984). It is evident from the results that the drinking water may not cause any significant health hazard to water consumers due to heavy metals but these may be hazardous if they get accumulated in the body due to continuous consumption of water. 相似文献
203.
Jahangir Mohammad Hossein Mousavi Seyed Ali Asayesh Zarchi Ruhollah 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2021,23(10):14494-14527
Environment, Development and Sustainability - The tourism sectors consume a high amount of electrical power, which in most cases is supplied by the electrical grid and diesel generator. As a... 相似文献
204.
Mousazadeh Milad Paital Biswaranjan Naghdali Zohreh Mortezania Zohreh Hashemi Marjan Karamati Niaragh Elnaz Aghababaei Mohammad Ghorbankhani Melika Lichtfouse Eric Sillanpää Mika Hashim Khalid S. Emamjomeh Mohammad Mahdi 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2021,23(9):12738-12760
Environment, Development and Sustainability - The outbreak of COVID-19 has made a global catastrophic situation that caused 1,039,406 deaths out of 35,347,404 infections, and it will also cause... 相似文献
205.
Safaynikoo Peymaneh Dehghani Mohammad Hossein 《Environmental Economics and Policy Studies》2021,23(2):441-466
Environmental Economics and Policy Studies - Economists have long argued over the political economy of tradable emission permits, especially the political pressure of lobby groups on international... 相似文献
206.
Massadeh A Al-Sharif L Dalale'h R Hassan M 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,115(1-3):87-93
A total of two hundred and forty random samples were collected equally from mutton, liver and kidney of 40 local (Jordanian) and 40 imported Australian sheep (40 each sub sample). Fresh samples were collected from 12–18 m old sheep slaughtered in abattoirs in Jordan in 2002. Besides, 40 fresh mutton samples of imported Chinese sheep were collected from different markets. Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was used to estimate the lead (Pb) content of the samples. Results indicated that Australian mutton had significantly higher (p < 0.05) mean of lead pollution than that of the local and Chinese muttons. The mean concentration of lead (mg/kg) in Australian, local and Chinese muttons was 4.30, 3.15 and 2.17, respectively. The mean concentration of lead in Australian sheep liver was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that recorded in the local sheep liver. The mean concentration of Pb in Australian and local sheep liver was 5.69 and 4.52 mg/kg, respectively. The mean concentrations of Pb in the kidney of the Australian and local sheep were not significantly different (p > 0.05). They were 4.59 and 3.87 mg/kg, respectively.On the basis of the samples lead level, 85, 92 and 87.5% of local, Australian and Chinese mutton respectively, exceeded the international safe permissible limit of 1.0 mg/kg. Furthermore, the effect of Pb on animal and human health was discussed. 相似文献
207.
Salman Mohammad Chauhan Ranchan Singh Tej Prabakaran Rajendran Kim Sung Chul 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(13):36259-36275
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The effect of the flow and geometric parameters of a dimple-roughened absorber plate on the enactment of solar air collectors (SACs) with air-impinged... 相似文献
208.
Bahrami Asl Farshad Islami-seginsara Mahdi Ebrahimi Kalan Mohammad Hemmatjo Rasoul Hesam Mousa Shafiei-Irannejad Vahid 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(13):35757-35768
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Long-term exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) can cause dire health consequences even less than the dose limits. Previous biomonitoring studies have... 相似文献
209.
Das Ananya Baig Nisar Ali Yawar Mohammad Kumar Arun Habib Gazala Perumal Vivekanandan 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(5):11600-11616
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Delhi has been identified as one of the highly polluted cities in the world and recently associated with the highest population weighted PM2.5... 相似文献
210.
Amir Hamta Mohammad Gholami-Fesharaki Mohsen Rowzati 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2018,24(1):68-72
The aim of this study was to assess the direct and indirect effects of shift work (SW) on the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and lipid profile of male workers. For this purpose, a cross-sectional study was conducted involving 6539 male workers of Esfahan Mobarakeh Steel Company. From all of the participants, 3065 (46.8%) were day workers and the remainder were shift workers. The results of path analysis revealed that the most effective variables on SBP were body mass index, fasting blood sugar, triglycerides and SW with a total effect of 0.241, 0.095, 0.064 and 0.056, respectively. 相似文献