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221.
Ali Tavakoli Reza Kerachian Mohammad Reza Nikoo Maryam Soltani Siamak Malakpour Estalaki 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(9):5935-5949
In this paper, a new methodology is developed to handle parameter and input uncertainties in water and waste load allocation (WWLA) in rivers by using factorial interval optimization and the Soil, Water, Atmosphere, and Plant (SWAP) simulation model. A fractional factorial analysis is utilized to provide detailed effects of uncertain parameters and their interaction on the optimization model outputs. The number of required optimizations in a fractional factorial analysis can be much less than a complete sensitivity analysis. The most important uncertain inputs and parameters can be also selected using a fractional factorial analysis. The uncertainty of the selected inputs and parameters should be incorporated real time water and waste load allocation. The proposed methodology utilizes the SWAP simulation model to estimate the quantity and quality of each agricultural return flow based on the allocated water quantity and quality. In order to control the pollution loads of agricultural dischargers, it is assumed that a part of their return flows can be diverted to evaporation ponds. Results of applying the methodology to the Dez River system in the southwestern part of Iran show its effectiveness and applicability for simultaneous water and waste load allocation in rivers. It is shown that in our case study, the number of required optimizations in the fractional factorial analysis can be reduced from 64 to 16. Analysis of the interactive effects of uncertainties indicates that in a low flow condition, the upstream water quality would have a significant effect on the total benefit of the system. 相似文献
222.
Simultaneous determination of hydroxylamine and phenol using a nanostructure-based electrochemical sensor 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hadi Mahmoudi Moghaddam Hadi Beitollahi Somayeh Tajik Mohammad Malakootian Hassan Karimi Maleh 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(11):7431-7441
The electrochemical oxidation of hydroxylamine on the surface of a carbon paste electrode modified with carbon nanotubes and 2,7-bis(ferrocenyl ethyl)fluoren-9-one is studied. The electrochemical response characteristics of the modified electrode toward hydroxylamine and phenol were investigated. The results showed an efficient catalytic activity of the electrode for the electro-oxidation of hydroxylamine, which leads to lowering its overpotential. The modified electrode exhibits an efficient electron-mediating behavior together with well-separated oxidation peaks for hydroxylamine and phenol. Also, the modified electrode was used for determination of hydroxylamine and phenol in some real samples. 相似文献
223.
Hossein Kamani Mohammad Hoseini Gholam Hossein Safari Jalil Jaafari Amir Hossein Mahvi 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(8):5059-5067
In this study, measurements of the trace metals Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cu, Fe and Al were performed on 53 wet atmospheric precipitation samples (snow and rainwater) collected at a central site of Tehran. Samples were collected using a bulk sampler equipped with a high-density polyethylene funnel from November to May in 2011 and 2012 on the roof of a building in the city centre. Trace metals in the filtered samples were measured with ICP-MS. Statistical analysis of the results revealed that Al, which is principally a crustal-derived element, was the highest mean measured concentration. The pH ranged from 4.2 to 7.1 with a mean value of 5.1. Crustal enrichment factors (EFc) related to the relative abundance of elements in crustal material was calculated using Al as reference crustal. EFc calculations indicated that samples were not enriched with Fe and Cr but were, fairly to extremely, enriched with Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb and Cu. Factor component analysis with varimax-normalized rotation was conducted to find the probable sources of the measured species. This resulted in two factors with eigenvalues greater than unity. Factor 1 showed an anthropogenic source, mostly industrial combustion and local traffic emissions, for Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Cu while factor 2 showed a crustal contribution for Al, Fe and Cr. 相似文献
224.
Niyaz Mohammad Mahmoodi 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(9):5595-5604
In this paper, magnetic carbon nanotube (M-CNT) was synthesized. The photocatalytic dye degradation ability of M-CNT in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from colored wastewater was studied. Manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) was synthesized in the presence of multiwalled carbon nanotube. Direct Red 23 (DR23), Direct Red 31 (DR31), and Direct Red 81 (DR81) were used as anionic dyes. The characteristics of M-CNT were investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The photocatalytic dye degradation using M-CNT was studied by UV–vis spectrophotometer and ion chromatography (IC). The effects of M-CNT dosage, initial dye concentration, and salt on the degradation of dye were evaluated. Formate, acetate, and oxalate anions were detected as dominant aliphatic intermediates. Inorganic anions (nitrate and sulfate anions) were detected and quantified as the mineralization products of dyes during the degradation process. The results indicated that the M-CNT could be used as a magnetic catalyst to degrade anionic dyes from colored wastewater. 相似文献
225.
Mohammad Behbahani Nasim Akbari Ghareh Tapeh Mojtaba Mahyari Ali Reza Pourali Bahareh Golrokh Amin Ahmad Shaabani 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(11):7245-7257
We are introducing graphene oxide modified with amine groups as a new solid phase for extraction of heavy metal ions including cadmium(II), copper(II), nickel(II), zinc(II), and lead(II). Effects of pH value, flow rates, type, concentration, and volume of the eluent, breakthrough volume, and the effect of potentially interfering ions were studied. Under optimized conditions, the extraction efficiency is >97 %, the limit of detections are 0.03, 0.05, 0.2, 0.1, and 1 μg L?1 for the ions of cadmium, copper, nickel, zinc, and lead, respectively, and the adsorption capacities for these ions are 178, 142, 110, 125, and 210 mg g?1. The amino-functionalized graphene oxide was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. The proposed method was successfully applied in the analysis of environmental water and food samples. Good spiked recoveries over the range of 95.8–100.0 % were obtained. This work not only proposes a useful method for sample preconcentration but also reveals the great potential of modified graphene as an excellent sorbent material in analytical processes. 相似文献
226.
Reyhaneh Rahnama Kozani Jamshid Mofid-Nakhaei Mohammad Reza Jamali 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(8):6531-6537
A simple, rapid, and efficient dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method, followed by UV–Vis spectrophotometry was developed for the preconcentration and determination of Pd ions in water samples. Pd ions react with α-furildioxime (chelating agent) to form a hydrophobic complex. Various parameters were altered to study and optimize their effects on the extraction efficiency, such as pH, ligand concentration, the type and volume of extraction and dispersive solvents, extraction time, and salt concentration. Under optimized conditions, the method exhibited an enrichment factor (C org/C aq) of 25 and recovery more than 98 % within a very short extraction time. The linearity of the method ranged from 10 to 200 μg?L?1. The limit of detection was 1.1 μg?L?1. The relative standard deviation for the concentration of 100 μg?L?1 of Pd was 2.3 % (n?=?10). Finally, the developed method was successfully applied to the extraction and determination of Pd in tap, river, mineral, and sea water samples. 相似文献
227.
Mohammad Reza Ghotbi Narges Khanjani Abolfazl Barkhordari Somayeh Rahimi Moghadam Abbas Mozaffari Mohammad Hosein Gozashti 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(11):8809-8814
Noise is one of the most harmful agents in the workplace. In addition to the adverse effects of noise on the auditory system, as a stressor it may cause increased blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, anxiety, and impaired secretion of hormones. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in urinary catecholamines in workers exposed to industrial noise. This is an experimental study of the workers at the smelter section of Sarcheshmeh Copper Industries done on two separate days. During the first day, urine samples from 20 workers who did not use any hearing protection device, were collected during an 8-h work shift and on the second day the same was done but they were asked to use earplugs. Also 20 people were selected as a control group from people who were not exposed to noise at work. Urinary catecholamine levels were measured with ELISA kits. The mean urinary epinephrine and norepinephrine levels in the workers (without earplugs) was respectively 8.69 and 35.56 μg/8h on the first day and on the second day (with earplugs) dropped to 6.45 and 30.95 μg/8h. Noise reduction by earplugs led to almost significant reductions in urinary epinephrine (p?=?0.05) and significant reductions in norepinephrine (p?=?0.02). The results showed that with noise reduction the urinary excretion of stress hormones, especially norepinephrine significantly decreases and workers are probably less prone to stress-related disorders. 相似文献
228.
Niyaz Mohammad Mahmoodi Sajjad Soltani-Gordefaramarzi Moosa Sadeghi-Kiakhani 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(12):10235-10248
In this paper, copper ferrite nanoparticle (CFN) was synthesized, modified by cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, and characterized. Dye removal ability of the surface modified copper ferrite nanoparticle (SMCFN) from single system was investigated. The physical characteristics of SMCFN were studied using Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Acid Blue 92, Direct Green 6, Direct Red 23, and Direct Red 80 were used as model compounds. The effect of operational parameters (surfactant concentration, adsorbent dosage, dye concentration, and pH) on dye removal was evaluated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for the analysis of the dye removal data. The experimental checking in these optimal conditions confirms good agreements with RSM results. The results showed that the SMCFN being a magnetic adsorbent might be a suitable alternative to remove dyes from colored aqueous solutions. 相似文献
229.
230.