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181.
Zuzanna Magdziak Piotr Goliński Monika Gąsecka Anna Budka Mirosław Mleczek 《Chemistry and Ecology》2019,35(1):36-53
Two-year old Ulmus laevis Pall (U. laevis) seedlings were cultivated in a three-month hydroponic experiment with inorganic (aresenite – As(III) and arsenate – As(V)) and organic (dimethylarsenic acid – DMA(V)) arsenic forms, at 0.06 and/or 0.6?mM concentrations. Further, the profile and content of total low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) were investigated in the rhizosphere, roots and leaves of U. laevis. Obtained results showed that the addition of As(III) or As(V) individually or in a mixture led to increased LMWOAs concentration in the rhizosphere, especially of oxalic and malonic acids, in comparison to the control, while in roots the overall content of the profiled LMWOAs decreased. In both rhizosphere and roots, addition of the DMA(V) form resulted in the inhibition of LMWOAs exudation into the rhizosphere and their creation in plant roots. Leaves were characterised by a higher content of LMWOAs than in the rhizosphere and roots for all experimental systems, where the profile and content of LMWOAs was strictly correlated with the analysed As forms. Our study indicated that creation of LMWOAs in U. laevis organs and their exudation to the rhizosphere could be responsible for the As toxicity tolerance of the plants. 相似文献
182.
Thomas Günter Preuss Monika Hammers-Wirtz Udo Hommen Mascha Nadine Rubach Hans Toni Ratte 《Ecological modelling》2009
An individual-based model was developed to predict the population dynamics of Daphnia magna at laboratory conditions from individual life-history traits observed in experiments with different feeding conditions. Within the model, each daphnid passes its individual life cycle including feeding on algae, aging, growing, developing and – when maturity is reached – reproducing. The modelled life cycle is driven by the amount of ingested algae and the density of the Daphnia population. At low algae densities the population dynamics is mainly driven by food supply, when the densities of algae are high, the limiting factor is “crowding” (a density-dependent mechanism due to chemical substances released by the organisms or physical contact, but independent of food competition). 相似文献
183.
The influence of the polymers' properties on the solid-phase extraction recovery was studied. Different porous copolymers were used: di(methacryloyloxymethyl)naphtalene-divinylbenzene with ester functional groups (DMN-DVB), 4,4'-bis(maleimido)diphenylmethane-divinylbenzene with imide functional groups (BM-DVB), p,p'-dihydroxydiphenylmethane diglycidyl methacrylic ester-divinylbenzene (MEMDE-DVB) and p,p'-dihydroxydiphenylpropane diglycidyl methacrylic ester-divinylbenzene (MEDDE-DVB) with ester end hydroxyl functional groups. The extraction properties of new synthesized polymeric sorbents were compared with these of two commercial polymeric sorbents: styrene-divinylbenzene (SDB-1) and styrene-divinylbenzene with modified surface (StrataX). These sorbents were used in the SPE of phenol and hydroquinone from water samples. 相似文献
184.
Piotr Goliński Zuzanna Magdziak Monika Gąsecka Klaudia Borowiak Jędrzej Dąbrowski 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(4):345-364
The aim of the study was to estimate Zn phytoextraction and changes in biomass of S?×?rubens growing in modified Knop's solution with different levels of Zn addition (0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0?mM). Obtained results were correlated with secretion of selected low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) in the rhizosphere, roots and leaves. An increase in Zn concentration in Knop's solution resulted in Zn accumulation in roots, shoots and leaves. The highest accumulation was observed for plants growing in 5?mM Zn, at concentration levels 4741.36?±?98.66, 1227.31?±?16.57 and 2241.65?±?34.90?mg?kg?1 DW in roots, shoots and leaves, respectively. The bioaccumulation factor and the translocation factor for plants growing in 0.5, 1.0 and 2.5?mM Zn clearly indicate that this Salix taxon is an effective Zn accumulator. The general reduction of Salix biomass with an increase in Zn concentration in the solution was observed. In the rhizosphere, the total LMWOA concentration was almost 0.93?µmol?kg?1 DM for control (Zn free) plants, while for 5.0?mM of Zn it was 4.9?µmol?kg?1 DM. Increasing concentrations of acids were observed in roots (1.34 for the control and 5.57?µmol?kg?1 DM for plants treated with 2.5?mM of Zn). 相似文献
185.
An ecological risk assessment was performed on salinity levels of the Hunter River and its tributaries to respond to concerns that high salinity may be damaging aquatic ecosystems. Probabilistic techniques were used to assess likelihood and consequence, and hence the risk to aquatic biota from salinity. Continuous electrical conductivity distributions were used to describe the likelihood that high salinity would occur (exposure dataset) and toxicity values were compiled from the limited literature sources available to describe the consequence of high salinity (effects dataset). The assessment was preliminary in the sense that it modelled risk on the basis of existing data and did not undertake site-specific toxicity testing. 相似文献
186.
Sophie M. E. Marsh Michael Hoffmann Neil D. Burgess Thomas M. Brooks Daniel W. S. Challender Patricia J. Cremona Craig Hilton-Taylor Flore Lafaye de Micheaux Gabriela Lichtenstein Dilys Roe Monika Böhm 《Conservation biology》2022,36(2):e13844
Unsustainable exploitation of wild species represents a serious threat to biodiversity and to the livelihoods of local communities and Indigenous peoples. However, managed, sustainable use has the potential to forestall extinctions, aid recovery, and meet human needs. We analyzed species-level data for 30,923 species from 13 taxonomic groups on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species to investigate patterns of intentional biological resource use. Forty percent of species (10,098 of 25,009 species from 10 data-sufficient taxonomic groups) were used. The main purposes of use were pets, display animals, horticulture, and human consumption. Intentional use is currently contributing to elevated extinction risk for 28–29% of threatened or near threatened (NT) species (2752–2848 of 9753 species). Intentional use also affected 16% of all species used (1597–1631 of 10,098). However, 72% of used species (7291 of 10,098) were least concern, of which nearly half (3469) also had stable or improving population trends. The remainder were not documented as threatened by biological resource use, including at least 172 threatened or NT species with stable or improving populations. About one-third of species that had use documented as a threat had no targeted species management actions to directly address this threat. To improve use-related red-list data, we suggest small amendments to the relevant classification schemes and required supporting documentation. Our findings on the prevalence of sustainable and unsustainable use, and variation across taxa, can inform international policy making, including the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, the Convention on Biological Diversity, and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species. 相似文献
187.
Tuulik Varje-Riin Kumm Monika Tuulik Viiu Veraksitš Alar Päll Taavi 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2022,44(7):2101-2110
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The effects of bath therapy are complex and result from a unique interaction between the aquatic environment and the human body functions. The effect of bath... 相似文献
188.
Nendza M 《Chemosphere》2002,48(8):865-883
An inventory of marine biotest methods for the evaluation of dredged material and sediments was compiled on behalf of the Federal Environmental Agency of Germany. Relevant assays were identified from the literature and experts from several countries contributed to a questionnaire survey on established and developing procedures. The biotest methods are applicable to whole sediment, sediment suspension, sediment elutriate, porewater and/or sediment extract. The endpoints cover acute and long-term toxicity, bioaccumulation, endocrine effects, toxic effects on reproduction, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. Comparative analyses and evaluation of the biotest methods were conducted with regard to their sensitivity, specificity, applicability (regional specificity, availability and suitability of the test organisms), variability (physicochemical factors, natural factors and factors related to sampling and testing), cost-effectiveness, aspects of animal ethics, standardization (guidelines, intercalibration) and application for monitoring purposes in the areas of the OSPAR and Helsinki Conventions. The available information was integrated to rate the validity of the methods, their relevance for assessing impacts on ecosystems and the suitability of the methods for the evaluation of marine sediments and dredged material. Based on the rating of the individual bioassays, a tiered testing is suggested in a hierarchical approach representing a variety in taxa, biological processes and exposure routes, thereby covering the cellular, species, population and community level with a wide discriminatory and sensitivity range. The toxicological significance and complexity increases with the tiers: (1) screening and detection of impacts, (2) characterization of toxic effects, (3) verification of in situ alterations. 相似文献
189.
Antil Monika Singh Surinder Bhagat Mamta Vilvas Vishal Sundaramurthy Suresh 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(48):72279-72293
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The objective of this study deals with column optimization of adsorption-based on removal of arsenite ion using rice husk. The parameters affecting... 相似文献