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51.
Monika Gąsecka Piotr Rzymski Marek Siwulski Sylwia Budzyńska Zuzanna Magdziak 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2017,52(3):171-177
ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to determine the elemental composition, phenolic content and composition and antioxidant properties of Imleria badia (Fr.) Vizzini (former names Boletus badius (Fr.) Fr., and Xerocomus badius (Fr.) E.-J. Gilbert) fruiting bodies collected from sites with different levels of pollution. Imleria badia was relatively tolerant to soil contamination with toxic elements and was able to grow in As, Cd, Hg and Pb concentrations exceeding 15, 2.9, 0.4 and 77 mg kg?1, respectively. The concentration of elements in soil was reflected in the element content in I. badia. The fruiting bodies from polluted sites exhibited significantly higher content of all the analyzed elements. Among 21 individual phenolic compounds only protocatechiuc and caffeic acids, and quercetin were determined in fruiting bodies of I. badia. The differences between the concentration of the quantified phenolic compounds and the total flavonoid content in fruiting bodies of I. badia from unpolluted and polluted sites were not significant. However, the greatest total phenolic content was found in fruiting bodies from the polluted areas. The antioxidative capacity of mushrooms collected from heavily polluted sites was lower than those growing in unpolluted areas. The concentrations of some metals in soil and fruiting soil were positively correlated with phenolic content and IC50. 相似文献
52.
Lucie Faldynová Sylwia Walczysková Dita Černá Monika Kudrejová Šárka Hilscherová Romana Kaniová Simona Širůčková 《黑龙江环境通报》2023,43(10):1320-1332
Objective
Recent studies have integrated copy number variant (CNV) and gene analysis using target enrichment. Here, we transferred this concept to our routine genetics laboratory, which is not linked to centralized non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) facilities.Method
From a cohort of 100 pregnant women, 22 were selected for the analysis of maternal genomic DNA (gDNA) along with fetal cell-free DNA. Using targeted enrichment, 135 genes were analyzed, combined with aberrations of chromosomes 21, 18, 13, X, and Y. The data were subjected to specificity and sensitivity analyses, and correlated with the results from invasive testing methods.Results
The sensitivity/specificity was determined for the CNV analysis of chromosomes: 21 (80%/75%), 18 (-/82%), 13 (100%/67%), and Y (100%/100%). The gene detection was valid for maternal gDNA. However, for cell-free fetal DNA, it was not possible to determine the boundary between an artifact and a real sequence variant.Conclusion
The target enrichment method combining CNV and gene detection seems feasible in a regular laboratory. However, this method can only be responsibly optimized with a sufficient number of controls and further validation on a strong bioinformatic background. The present results showed that NIPT should be performed in specialized centers, and that its introduction to isolated laboratories may not provide valid data. 相似文献53.
Monika Schaffner Hans-Peter Bader Ruth Scheidegger 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2011,13(2):403-422
With the worldwide intensification of agriculture, non-point source pollution of surface waters has become a pressing issue.
Conventional river water quality models consider non-point sources as accumulated entries into the rivers and do not investigate
into the processes generating the pollution at its source, thus preventing the determination of effective mitigation measures.
The models require extensive data inputs, which is a deficiency in many developing and emerging countries with limited data
availability. The current study applies a Material Flow Model as a complementary approach to quantify non-point source pollution
from agricultural areas. Rice farming in the Thachin River Basin is presented as a case study, with a focus on nutrients.
The total nitrogen and phosphorus flows from rice farming to the river system are quantified, the key parameters influencing
these flows are determined and potential mitigation measures are discussed. The results show that rice contributes considerable
nutrient loads to the Thachin River Basin. Scenario simulations demonstrate that a significant nutrient load reduction could
be achieved by following the official recommendations for fertilizer application, thus confirming the local efforts to introduce
best management practice. Our results underline the importance of non-point source pollution control in intensive agricultural
areas, particularly of tropical lowland delta areas such as the Central Plains of Thailand. The specific benefit of applying
a Material Flow Model in this context is that with limited data availability, one can reach an understanding of the system
and gain a first overview over its key pollution problems. This can serve as supportive basis for determining consecutive
in-depth research requirements. 相似文献
54.
Marek Majdan Monika Bujacka Eyup Sabah Agnieszka Gadysz-Paska Stanisaw Pikus Dariusz Sternik Zofia Komosa Aleksander Padewski 《Journal of environmental management》2009,91(1):195-205
The comparison of phenol sorption on phenyltrimethylammonium (PTMA)- and benzyltrimethylammonium (BTMA)-bentonite shows a clear difference as far as phenol sorption isotherms are concerned. For PTMA-bentonite the sorption isotherm is of a straight-line character which results from simple partitioning of phenol between the aqueous and organic phases sorbed on the bentonite surface. For BTMA-bentonite the isotherm has a convex shape, characteristic of physicochemical sorption.For the first time a three-parametric model, including the dissociation constant of phenol pKa, distribution constant of phenol Kdphen and phenolate anion Kdphen− between the aqueous phase and the bentonite phases is used for the evaluation of phenol sorption on organoclays with pH change. The model shows that the values of Kdphen are higher than those of Kdphen− for all investigated initial phenol concentrations.The inspection of the FTIR spectrum of BTMA-bentonite loaded with phenol in the regions 1300–1600 and 1620–1680 cm−1 shows the features of π–π electron interaction between the benzene rings of phenol and the BTMA cation together with the phenol–water hydrogen bond strengthened by this interaction. 相似文献
55.
Ellis J Shah M Kubachka KM Caruso JA 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2007,9(12):1329-1336
Determination of organophosphorus fire retardants and plasticizers at trace levels in wastewater is described. In this work, microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) are used for sample preparation to extract and preconcentrate the analytes, followed by analysis by gas chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (GC-ICP-MS) for phosphorus-specific detection. Gas chromatography coupled to time of flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) was used to confirm the organphosphorus fire retardants in wastewater. The detection limits of organophosphorus fire retardants (OPFRs) were 29 ng L(-1) for tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP), 45 ng for L(-1) for tris(2-butoxyethyl)phosphate (TBEP), and 50 ng L(-1) for tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate (TEHP). Optimized extraction conditions were performed at 65 degrees C for 30 min and with 10% NaCl. Application of MAE during the sample preparation prior to the SPME allowed the detection of tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, which has been difficult to determine in previous work. Application of the method to wastewater samples resulted in detecting 3.1 microg L(-1) P from TnBP, 5.0 microg L(-1) P from TBEP, and 4.0 microg L(-1) P from TEHP. The presence of these compounds were also confirmed by SPME-GC-TOF-MS. 相似文献
56.
Falandysz J Jedrusiak A Lipka K Kannan K Kawano M Gucia M Brzostowski A Dadej M 《Chemosphere》2004,54(4):461-466
Concentrations of total mercury were determined by cold-vapour atomic absorption spectroscopy (CV-AAS) in 221 caps and 221 stalks of 15 species of wild growing higher fungi/mushrooms and 221 samples of corresponding soil substrate collected in 1997-98 in Manowo County, near the city of Koszalin in North-central Poland. Mean mercury concentrations in caps and stalks of the mushroom species examined and soils varied between 30+/-31 and 920+/-280, 17+/-11 and 560+/-220, and 10+/-9 and 170+/-110 ng/g dry matter, respectively. Cap to stalk mercury concentration quotients were from 1.0+/-0.4 in poison pax (Paxillus involutus) to 2.8+/-0.7 in slippery jack (Suillus luteus). Brown cort (Cortinarius malicorius), fly agaric (Amanita muscaria), orange-brown ringless amanita (A. fulva), red-aspen bolete (Leccinum rufum) and mutagen milk cap (Lactarius necator) contained the highest concentrations of mercury both in caps and stalks, and mean concentrations varied between 600+/-750 and 920+/-280 and 370+/-470 and 560+/-220 ng/g dry matter, respectively. An estimate of daily intake of mercury from mushroom consumption indicated that the flesh of edible species of mushrooms may not pose hazards to human health even at a maximum consumption rate of 28 g/day. However, it should be noted that mercury intake from other foods will augment the daily intake rates. Species such as the sickener (Russula emetica), Geranium-scented russula (R. fellea) and poison pax (P. involutus) did not concentrate mercury as evidenced from the bioconcentration factors (BCFs: concentrations in mushroom/concentration in soil substrate), which were less than 1. Similarly, red-hot milk cap (L. rufus), rickstone funnel cap (Clitocybe geotropa) and European cow bolete (S. bovinus) were observed to be weak accumulators of mercury. Fly agaric (A. muscaria) accumulated great concentrations of mercury with BCFs reaching 73+/-42 and 38+/-22 in caps and stalks, respectively. Mercury BCFs of between 4.0+/-2.3 and 23+/-25 (caps) and 2.6+/-1.9 and 14+/-12 (stalks) were noted for the other mushroom species. Relatively great concentrations of mercury in fly agaric (A. muscaria) were due to preferential uptake of this element by this species. 相似文献
57.
Land cover composition determinants in the Uckermark (NE Germany) over a 220-year period 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
There is broad consensus that land use/cover has changed in central Europe over millennia. However, few studies have addressed the roles of the anthropogenic (socio-economic) and natural (biophysical) factors driving these changes over shorter periods (e.g., 100 years). In this study, we analyse the determinants of land cover composition at three discrete time periods (c. 1780, 1890, and 2000). We hypothesise that different anthropogenic and natural factors are the determinants of the main land cover types (arable fields, grasslands, and forests) and that the effects of natural and anthropogenic factors on the main land cover types differ among landscapes with highly dynamic and more stable forest-open land distributions. The study was carried out in the Uckermark region located in northeastern Germany. We compiled data on natural and anthropogenic factors (e.g. forest cover and number of inhabitants) of 65 municipalities in four landscape sections of equal size (10 × 10 km). Landscape sections were selected to reflect different dynamics (high/low) in conversion from forest to arable fields or grasslands and vice versa from 1780 to 2000. Averaged linear mixed-effect models explained between 7.5 and 81.2 % of the variance. The unique effect of anthropogenic factors varied from 2.1 to 18.7 % and that of natural factors varied from 0.2 to 43.4 %. In four of six models that included both types of factors, the natural factors were more influential than the anthropogenic factors. Except in three cases, anthropogenic and natural factors showed opposite effects on land cover types in more dynamic and more stable windows. Though the Uckermark region has been influenced by human activity for thousands of years, natural factors were a major determinant of land cover composition during all time periods, whereas anthropogenic factors became more important only during the latest time period under investigation. 相似文献
58.
Trace metals associated with PM10 aerosols and their variation during day and nighttime as well as during different seasons have been studied for the year 2012. PCA analysis suggested 5 PCs, which accounted for 86.8% cumulative variance. PC1 accounted for 30% with a significant loading of metals of anthropogenic origin, while PC2 showed 28% variance with the loading of metals of crustal origin. These trace metals showed seasonal distinct day and night time characteristics. The concentrations of Cu, Pb, and Cd were found to be higher during nighttime in all the seasons. Only Fe was observed with significantly higher mean concentrations during daytime of all seasons except monsoon. The highest mean values of Cu, Cd, Zn, and Pb during post-monsoon might be attributed to winds advection over the regions of waste/biomass burning and industrial activities in Punjab and Haryana regions. Furthermore, concentration weighted trajectory analysis suggested that metals of crustal origin were contributed by long-range transport while metals of anthropogenic and industrial activities were contributed by regional/local source regions. 相似文献
59.
Sylvain Alem Klemen Koselj Björn M. Siemers Michael D. Greenfield 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(11):2105-2116
Theories of lek evolution generally invoke enhanced mating success experienced by males signalling in aggregations. Reduced
predation has also been acknowledged as a potential factor driving lek formation, but its role is more ambiguous. Although
lekking is a complex behaviour, few empirical studies have investigated the role of both claims. We studied the potential
pressures imposed by mating success and predation in an acoustic moth, Achroia grisella, in which males gather in leks and broadcast a calling song attractive to females. We exploited the ability to manipulate
the distribution of singing males in laboratory arenas to create different-sized leks and tested female preferences for these
aggregations. Because A. grisella are vulnerable to predation by bats while in flight and on the substrate, we also tested the responses of a potential predator,
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, a bat species that feeds on moths, to the experimental leks. We found that the per capita attractiveness of A. grisella males to females rose with increasing lek size. R. ferrumequinum also oriented toward experimental A. grisella leks, but this attraction did not increase at larger leks. Thus, a male’s per capita exposure to predation risk declined
as more moths joined the lek. A. grisella males appear to benefit from advertising in larger leks in terms of both increased mate attraction and reduced predation
risk. Our results support the idea that multiple factors operating simultaneously may maintain lekking behaviour. 相似文献
60.