城市晴日太阳辐射的空间变化

１９９１年在济南市进行了两次太阳辐射强度的流动观测。对观测资料的分析表明，不仅市区的太阳辐射强度明显小于郊区，而且处于下风向的近郊区的太阳辐射强度也明显小于上风向郊区；市区内不同功能区的太阳辐射减弱程度不同，以工业区减弱最甚；太阳辐射强度的空间变化形式与城市功能区的布局密切相关。     

地幔流体的迁移及影响因素

地幔交代作用实质上是地幔流体与围岩的作用结果 ,对地幔流体迁移方式的研究有助于对地幔交代现象的理解。地幔流体的迁移以平衡孔隙流动 (equilibrium porousflow)和扩散作用为主 ,本文探讨了其迁移的动力学过程 ,温度和压力是最重要的外界控制因素。     

石化行业污水处理场除臭装置职业病防护措施问题探讨

根据某石化行业污水处理场除臭装置的生产工艺,分析了恶臭气体处理过程中产生的主要职业病危害因素及其危害情况,提出关键控制环节及相应的控制措施,从而降低在类似装置运行过程中的职业病危害风险水平。     

Stabilization of hexavalent chromium with pretreatment and high temperature sintering in highly contaminated soil

• Separate reduction and sintering cannot be effective for Cr stabilization. • Combined treatment of reduction and sintering is effective for Cr stabilization. • Almost all the Cr in the reduced soil is residual form after sintering at 1000°C. This study explored the effectiveness and mechanisms of high temperature sintering following pre-reduction with ferric sulfate (FeSO₄), sodium sulfide (Na₂S), or citric acid (C₆H₈O₇) in stabilizing hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in highly contaminated soil. The soil samples had an initial total Cr leaching of 1768.83 mg/L, and Cr(VI) leaching of 1745.13 mg/L. When FeSO₄ or C₆H₈O₇ reduction was followed by sintering at 1000°C, the Cr leaching was reduced enough to meet the Safety Landfill Standards regarding general industrial solid waste. This combined treatment greatly improved the stabilization efficiency of chromium because the reduction of Cr(VI) into Cr(III) decreased the mobility of chromium and made it more easily encapsulated in minerals during sintering. SEM, XRD, TG-DSC, and speciation analysis indicated that when the sintering temperature reached 1000°C, almost all the chromium in soils that had the pre-reduction treatment was transformed into the residual form. At 1000°C, the soil melted and promoted the mineralization of Cr and the formation of new Cr-containing compounds, which significantly decreased subsequent leaching of chromium from the soil. However, without reduction treatment, chromium continued to leach from the soil even after being sintered at 1000°C, possibly because the soil did not fully fuse and because Cr(VI) does not bind with soil as easily as Cr(III).     

中空分子印迹微球的制备及其选择性吸附阿莫西林性能研究

研究以UiO-66为稳定粒子,阿莫西林(AMOX)为模板分子通过皮克林乳液法制备分子印迹中空微球(MIHM),并用于分离富集溶液中的阿莫西林.通过SEM、FT-IR和XRD等方法和静态吸附实验对MIHM的理化性质和吸附性能进行研究.结果表明,UiO-66纳米粒子能够稳定皮克林乳液,粒子分布于中空MIHM胶囊表面,胶囊粒径约为20—60μm.吸附实验结果表明,MIHM对AMOX有较大的吸附容量,吸附容量在318 K,100 mg·L~(-1)的AMOX溶液中达到0.1376 mmol·g~(-1),在选择性吸附实验中对AMOX具有选择性识别性能.经过3次循环回用后材料吸附容量降低12.71%,有良好的再生性.     

Effect of biocover equipped with a novel passive air diffusion system on microbial methane oxidation and community of methanotrophs

A novel biocover with passive air diffusion system (PADS) was designed in this study. Its effect on landfill gas components in the macrocosms of simulated biocover systems was also investigated. The results show that O2 concentration increased in the whole profile of the macrocosms equipped with PADS. When simulated landfill gas (SLFG) flow rate was no more than 40 mL min(-1), the methane oxidation rate was 100%. The highest CH4 oxidation capacity reached to 31.34 mol m(-3) day(-1). Molecular microbiology analysis of the soil samples taken from the above macrocosm showed that the growth of type I methanotrophs was enhanced, attributable to enhanced air diffusion and distribution, whereas the microbial diversity and population density of type II methanotrophs were not so affected, as evidenced by the absence of any difference between the biocover equipped with PADS and that of the control. According to a phylogenic analysis, Methylobacter Methylosarcinafor type I, and Methylocystis, Methylosinus for type II, were the most prevalent species in the macrocosm with PADS.     

Fe(Ⅲ)-酒石酸盐配合物体系的光解特性

以Fe(Ⅲ)-酒石酸配合物体系光化学过程中产生的Fe(Ⅱ)和.OH为主要检测对象,探讨了Fe(Ⅲ)-酒石酸配合物体系光化学反应的基本规律及影响因素。结果表明,体系的光化学过程能产生Fe(Ⅱ)和.OH;产生Fe(Ⅱ)的速率远高于产生.OH的速率;Fe(Ⅱ)生成浓度在pH 3.50时最大,.OH则在pH 3.00时最大;配合物的光化学过程中会伴随pH的升高;在照度为3.6×103Lux的日光灯照射下,Fe(Ⅲ)-酒石酸盐配合物初级光解的速率常数为2.1×10-3S-1;Fe(Ⅱ)是高价重金属的主要还原剂,.OH是有机物的主要氧化剂。     

钙基固硫剂对污泥和煤燃烧过程中SO2和NOx释放的影响

在O2气氛下,研究了煤与污泥2种燃料中添加4种钙基固硫剂( CaO、Ca(OH)2、CaCO3和白云石(CaCO3·MgCO3))后的SO2和NOx的释放特性.结果表明:(1)煤燃烧时SO2的释放曲线和NO较相似,呈现2个析出峰;污泥燃烧过程中SO2和NO的释放规律一致,35 s时烟气中SO2和NO瞬时质量浓度达到峰值...     

能源植物黄连木在我国的地理分布规律

为了更好地开发利用生物柴油能源植物黄连木（Pistacia chinensis Bunge）,对其在我国的地理分布规律进行了系统调查研究,结果表明：黄连木的地理分布范围为北纬18°09′～40°09′、东经96°52′～123°14′,资源遍布我国华北、华南、西南、华中、华东与西北地区的25个省、自治区、直辖市;分布区地形以高原、山地为主,土壤母岩以石灰岩为主,土壤类型以褐土为主,跨越我国温带、亚热带、热带地区;黄连木的水平分布区主要位于云南潞西—西藏察隅—四川甘孜—青海循化—甘肃天水—陕西富县—山西阳城—河北顺平—北京西山一线以东、以南,整体上呈现连续分布的特征,局部地区有一定的间断分布;从我国西部到东部,其垂直分布的上限与下限均呈现逐渐降低的趋势,从南方到北方,这种降低趋势不太明显;黄连木在我国的资源分布区可以划分为集中分布区、次集中分布区、零星分布区和沿海地带零星分布区四种类型。     

我国危化品安全治理体系与监管能力现代化战略研究

分析了我国危险化学品治理体系和监管能力现代化的必要性和重要性,剖析了治理体系和监管能力现代化的内涵和本质,将治理体系按政策法规体系、政府监管体系、企业执行体系、资源保障体系、社会服务体系和应急救援体系6个维度,监管能力按统筹协调能力、技术支撑能力、现代信息技术的应用能力、监管人员的专业技术能力4个方面进行分析,系统归纳和分析了我国危险化学品安全治理体系与监管能力的现状,与美国、欧盟、日本等发达国家对标分析,并围绕危险化学品全生命周期系统化法规体系建设、监管执法模式改革、安全监管关键技术攻关和创新、"工业互联网+安全生产"监管系统建设、资源保障能力提升、人才队伍建设等方面提出了应对策略和建议。