原油及其加工过程中汞的形态及分布

从原油中汞的形态及含量、石油加工产品中汞形态和分布以及石油加工过程汞的排放估算三万面综述了国内外相关研究的成果,并在此基础上对中国石化下一步汞污染控制提出了建议.     

核电站废离子交换树脂微波干燥可行性研究

目前,核电站产生的废树脂,大多数采用暂存或水泥固化方法,但水泥固化增容比达4.8～5.2。桶内干燥工艺以其工艺简单,减容比大等优点,已在国外核电站得到应用。微波干燥具有由内向外的干燥特点。据报道,微波干燥废树脂的减容比可达5。用微波作为热源,在桶内干燥条件下对核电厂产生的废树脂开展了可行性研究。研究表明,在试验条件下,初始含水率50%左右的树脂,干燥后的含水率均小于10%,减容比为1.5～2。试验结果表明微波干燥废树脂是可行的。     

利用炼钢炉尘制备氧化铁脱硫剂的研究

研究以炼钢废弃炉尘经过助溶酸浸法浸出铁成分,然后利用浸出物制备焦炉煤气脱硫用氧化铁脱硫剂的工艺,探讨了硫酸浓度、反应时间、反应温度、盐酸用量和助溶剂用量等因素对铁浸出率的影响。理化性能评价结果显示制得的脱硫剂能够满足焦炉煤气干法脱硫的工业应用要求。     

Allelochemicals of the invasive neophyte Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. & Zucc. (Polygonaceae)

Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. and Zucc., a traditional Chinese medicine is now a wide-spread invasive neophyte in Europe and America. The novel weapon hypothesis states that some invasive weed species owe part of their success as invaders to allelopathy mediated by some allelochemicals. Previous HPLC/UV/ESI-MS analysis showed that the constituents of the roots of P. cuspidatum from China were obviously different from the species collected in Switzerland (present as an invasive neophyte) with respect to piceatannol glucoside, resveratroloside and some proanthocyanidin. This work isolated these special constituents from the invasive plant and studied their allelopathy effect, as well as the related structures by the seedling and growing model of Lepidium sativum (garden cress, Brassicaceae). The results revealed that stilbenes as piceatannol glucoside, resveratroloside and proanthocyanidins as catechin, epicatechin from this plant were comparatively stronger allelochemicals than the reported allelochemical (−)-catechin, which may partly explain the invasive behavior of this plant in Europe.     

港东联合站外排污水深度处理工艺研究

为解决港东联合站外排污水2010年前达标排放的问题,需在现有氧化塘生化处理工艺的基础上,进行工艺优化和深度处理。通过对港东联合站外排污水的分析,发现现有处理系统的问题,并结合水质特性和现有处理工艺进行试验研究。结果表明:采用曝气生物滤池工艺,以兼性塘进水为水源,流量150L/h,BAF对CODCr的去除率为68.1%;采用活性炭吸附技术,在水力负荷不超过2.1m3/(m2.h)情况下,活性炭出水CODCr平均值为27.3～37.4mg/L,对CODCr的去除率在60%以上;曝气生物滤池与活性炭吸附工艺对CODCr、石油类、悬浮物的处理指标都达到了天津市地方标准DB12/356-2008《污水综合排放标准》的要求。     

A pilot study for determining the optimal operation condition for simultaneously controlling the emissions of PCDD/Fs and PAHs from the iron ore sintering process

In this study, the cost-benefit analysis technique was developed and incorporated into the Taguchi experimental design to determine the optimal operation combination for the purpose of providing a technique solution for controlling both emissions of PCDD/Fs and PAHs, and increasing both the sinter productivity (SP) and sinter strength (SS) simultaneously. Four operating parameters, including the water content, suction pressure, bed height, and type of hearth layer, were selected and all experimental campaigns were conducted on a pilot-scale sinter pot to simulate various sintering operating conditions of a real-scale sinter plant. The resultant optimal combination could reduce the total carcinogenic emissions arising from both emissions of PCDD/Fs and PAHs by 49.8%, and increase the sinter benefit associated with the increase in both SP and SS by 10.1%, as in comparison with the operation condition currently used in the real plant. The ANOVA results indicate that the suction pressure was the most dominant parameter in determining the optimal operation combination. The above result was theoretically plausible since the higher suction pressure provided more oxygen contents leading to the decrease in both PCDD/F and PAH emissions. But it should be noted that the results obtained from the present study were based on pilot scale experiments, conducting confirmation tests in a real scale plant are still necessary in the future.     

中国土壤修复与治理的投融资政策最新进展与展望

中国目前的土壤污染修复资金主要来源于政府财政性投资,融资渠道较为单一。《土壤污染防治行动计划》实施后,如何满足实现土壤污染修复与治理目标的投资需求是一个迫切需要解决的问题,充分创新发挥市场力量,建立长效的融资政策机制是核心内容。本文评估了中国土壤污染修复与治理投融资政策现状,识别了投融资面临的关键问题和挑战,提出了"十三五"时期中国土壤修复与治理的投融资机制建设的政策建议,为"十三五"时期中国土壤修复投融资模式创新提供管理技术支撑。     

Spatial and temporal variations of nitrous oxide flux between coastal marsh and the atmosphere in the Yellow River estuary of China

To investigate the spatial and seasonal variations of nitrous oxide (N₂O) fluxes and understand the key controlling factors, we explored N₂O fluxes and environmental variables in high marsh (HM), middle marsh (MM), low marsh (LM), and mudflat (MF) in the Yellow River estuary throughout a year. Fluxes of N₂O differed significantly between sampling periods as well as between sampling positions. During all times of day and the seasons measured, N₂O fluxes ranged from ?0.0051 to 0.0805 mg N₂O m^?2 h^?1, and high N₂O emissions occurred during spring (0.0278 mg N₂O m^?2 h^?1) and winter (0.0139 mg N₂O m^?2 h^?1) while low fluxes were observed during summer (0.0065 mg N₂O m^?2 h^?1) and autumn (0.0060 mg N₂O m^?2 h^?1). The annual average N₂O flux from the intertidal zone was 0.0117 mg N₂O m^?2 h^?1, and the cumulative N₂O emission throughout a year was 113.03 mg N₂O m^?2, indicating that coastal marsh acted as N₂O source. Over all seasons, N₂O fluxes from the four marshes were significantly different (p?<?0.05), in the order of HM (0.0256?±?0.0040 mg N₂O m^?2 h^?1)?>?MF (0.0107?±?0.0027 mg N₂O m^?2 h^?1)?>?LM (0.0073?±?0.0020 mg N₂O m^?2 h^?1)?>?MM (0.0026?±?0.0011 mg N₂O m^?2 h^?1). Temporal variations of N₂O emissions were related to the vegetations (Suaeda salsa, Phragmites australis, and Tamarix chinensis) and the limited C and mineral N in soils during summer and autumn and the frequent freeze/thaw cycles in soils during spring and winter, while spatial variations were mainly affected by tidal fluctuation and plant composition at spatial scale. This study indicated the importance of seasonal N₂O contributions (particularly during non-growing season) to the estimation of local N₂O inventory, and highlighted both the large spatial variation of N₂O fluxes across the coastal marsh (CV?=?158.31 %) and the potential effect of exogenous nitrogen loading to the Yellow River estuary on N₂O emission should be considered before the annual or local N₂O inventory was evaluated accurately.     

变压吸附技术分离模拟油田火驱尾气中的CO_2

采用变压吸附技术分离模拟油田火驱尾气(CO_2-N_2-CH_4混合体系)中的CO_2。考察了吸附压力、吸附温度和气体流量对吸附效果的影响。实验结果表明:在吸附温度为25℃、吸附压力为0.6 MPa、气体流量为2 000m L/min、初始CO_2体积分数为13.01%的条件下,CO_2的穿透吸附量为60.34 m L/g,CO_2吸附率为78.92%,碳分子筛对CO_2的分离因子为8.233;在床层利用率为0.523的条件下进行降压解吸,当吸附压力降至0.1 MPa时,出口CO_2体积分数约为80%,CO_2的回收率可达96.38%。     

“十三五”环境经济政策建设规划中期评估研究

《"十三五"全国环境保护法规和环境经济政策建设规划》（以下简称《规划》）绘制了"十三五"时期我国环境保护法规和环境经济政策的创新与改革蓝图。"十三五"以来，《规划》实施推动了环境经济政策在生态文明建设生态环境保护工作中的地位快速上升，在筹集环保资金、调控环境行为、激励企业减排等方面发挥了重要作用。为了更好推进环境经济政策改革与创新，本研究采用逻辑框架法对《规划》中期实施进展进行了系统评价，结果表明：在28项《规划》任务中，绿色信贷、环境信息披露制度、环境污染强制责任险等13项任务进展良好，生态环境损害赔偿制度等11项任务进展较好；环境信用建设"入法"等4项规划任务进展较小或者进展一般。研究表明《规划》总体实施顺利，评估工作也为完成2020年《规划》目标提供了重要技术支撑。