高海拔环境下离心风机性能数值模拟研究*

为研究高海拔环境下离心风机的运行性能规律,采用计算流体力学（CFD）方法对海拔高度分别为0,1 000,2 000,3 000,4 000和5 000 m条件下的离心风机流场及性能进行三维数值模拟。研究结果表明:相同工况风量条件下,风机内部流场形态不受海拔高度影响,但随着海拔的升高,内流场各处压力绝对值均减小,风机叶片载荷减小,风机蜗壳出口压力及轴功率均大致呈线性趋势降低,海拔每升高1 000 m,风机输出全压及静压分别降低9.3%及9.1%左右,轴功率降低9.0%左右。离心风机效率受海拔高度影响较小,模拟结果表明,各工况条件下,海拔每升高1 000 m,风机全压及静压效率分别平均降低0.21%和0.29%左右。研究为保证高海拔地区离心风机的高效运转及风机选型提供理论参考。     

Long-term exposure to air pollution and cerebrovascular disease: findings from Beijing Health Management Cohort study

● This study explored the long-term association by double robust additive models. ● Individual exposure concentrations were assessed by integrating GAM, LUR and BPNN. ● PM_2.5, SO₂ and NO₂ are positively associated with cerebrovascular disease. ● CO could reduce the risk of cerebrovascular disease with the highest robustness. ● The elderly, women and people with normal BMI are at higher risk for air pollution. The relationship between air pollution and cerebrovascular disease has become a popular topic, yet research findings are highly heterogeneous. This study aims to investigate this association based on detailed individual health data and a precise evaluation of their exposure levels. The integrated models of generalized additive model, land use regression model and back propagation neural network were used to evaluate the exposure concentrations. And doubly robust additive model was conducted to explore the association between cerebrovascular disease and air pollution after adjusted for demographic characteristics, physical examination, disease information, geographic and socioeconomic status. A total of 25097 subjects were included in the Beijing Health Management Cohort from 2013 to 2018. With a 1 μg/m³ increase in the concentrations of PM_2.5, SO₂ and NO₂, the incidence risk of cerebrovascular disease increased by 1.02 (95% CI: 1.008–1.034), 1.06 (95% CI: 1.034–1.095) and 1.02 (95% CI: 1.010–1.029) respectively. Whereas CO exposure could decrease the risk, with an odds ratio of 0.38 (95% CI: 0.212–0.626). In the subgroup analysis, individuals under the age of 50 with normal BMI were at higher risk caused by PM_2.5, and SO₂ was considered more hazardous to women. Meanwhile, the protective effect of CO on women and those with normal BMI was stronger. Successful reduction of long-term exposure to PM_2.5, SO₂ and NO₂ would lead to substantial benefits for decrease the risk of cerebrovascular disease especially for the health of the susceptible individuals.     

Insights into the changes of amino acids,microbial community,and enzymatic activities related with the nutrient quality of product during the composting of food waste

● The highest seed germination index was achieved at 0.3 g/g total solids of food waste. ● Proline was identified as the key amino acid related with the composting process. ● Amino acid metabolism sequences predominated during the whole composting process. This study systematically investigated the changes of amino acids as the composting process of food waste proceeded. It is found that the addition of 0.3 g/g total solids of food waste achieved the highest seed germination index of the product (268 %). The microbial community results indicated that the abundance of amino acid metabolism sequences remained at high levels during the whole composting process. Proline was identified as the key amino acid related with the nutrient quality of product during the composting of food waste. Further plant germination and hydroponic experiments found, that compared with those without the addition of proline, the addition of 50 mg/L proline increased seed germination rate by 20 %, increased shoot length by 3 %, increased root biomass of seedlings by 82 %, and increased leaf biomass of seedlings by 76 %, respectively. Firmicutes, γ-Pseudomonadota, Chloroflexi and Planctomycetes were the key identified bacteria related with the increase of proline during the composting of food waste. Meanwhile, the enzymatic tests of the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and malondialdehyde indicated that proline did not cause oxidative damage on the growth of plants. This study provided novel insights into the changes of amino acids, microbial community, and enzymatic activities related with the nutrient quality of product during the composting of food waste.     

山东临沂大气夏季典型时段臭氧污染特征及其控制因素分析

2020年6月,在山东省临沂城区开展臭氧(O3)及其前体物观测实验,基于观测数据结合MCM光化学模式模拟,对6月中旬O3污染特例生成机理及控制机制进行了分析.结果 发现,尽管观测期间降水较多,一旦天气转晴,O3迅速积累并超标,1-h和8-h φ(O3)超标天数分别为10d(频率32％)和14 d(45％).O3日变化呈...     

一种易于推广的蓄电池放电测试仪改进装置

依据吴忠供电公司所辖通信独立站点配套蓄电池现状及通信电源蓄电池组核对性放电试验中存在的一些问题,介绍了 １种易于推广的蓄电池放电测试仪改进装置,提高了蓄电池核对性放电工作效率,降低了工作现场安全风险。     

氟喹诺酮类抗生素环境行为及其生态毒理研究进展

氟喹诺酮类抗生素(FQs)是治疗人和动物细菌性感染的高效广谱抗菌药,随着氟喹诺酮类抗生素在禽畜养殖业的广泛使用,由此引起的环境污染受到人们的关注。本文综述了氟喹诺酮类抗生素在水体、土壤/沉积物中的污染现状、吸附降解环境行为及其生态毒理研究进展。FQs抗生素的环境行为和风险应从环境多介质层面进行评估,同时应加强对生态毒性机理以及与其他环境污染物的联合毒性效应的研究。     

美丽的泸沽湖

<正>泸沽湖面积50多平方公里,海拔2690米,平均水深45米,最深处达93米,透明度高达11米,最大能见度为12米,湖水清澈蔚蓝,是云南海拔最高的湖泊,也是中国最深的淡水湖之一。     

论《生物多样性公约》国家履行策略

《生物多样性公约》已于1993年12月29日生效,中国是《公约》缔约国之一。《公约》对各缔约国规定了若干义务,主要有生物多样性的保护,包括就地保护和移地保护;生物多样性组成部分的持续利用;遗传资源的取得;生物多样性保护与利用技术（包括生物技术）的取得与转让;等等。本文针对上述关键条款的义务,结合我国国情,特别是结合我国在此领域的已有工作成就和现状,在国家水平上提出履行《公约》义务的策略和需要优先实施的行动措施。此外,还结合《公约》谈判的国际背景,提出我国今后在《公约》关键条款履行及谈判方面的对策。     

中国自然保护区类型划分标准的研究

在总结国内外有关自然保护区类型划分研究进展的基础上,根据我国自然保护区建设和管理的实际状况,提出我国自然保护区类型划分的基本原则。并据此原则,研究制定了我国自然保护区类型划分的标准。该标准将中国自然保护区定义和划分为3个类别9个类型。即：1．自然生态系统类自然保护区,包括森林、草原与草甸、荒漠、内陆湿地和水域、海洋与海岸等5个生态系统类型;2。野生生物类自然保护区,包括野生动物和野生植物两个类型;3．自然遗迹类自然保护区,包括地质遗迹和古生物遗迹两个类型。同时,还对其分类体系结构、自然保护区范畴以及本标准的可行性等有关问题作了详细的阐述和讨论。     

工业固体废弃物中污染物质重金属淋溶释放模式研究

在工业固体废弃物动态柱状淋溶实验的基础上,建立了固体废物的比表面积、固体废弃物的透水率和填埋表层透水率与重金属淋溶的关系,提出了重金属淋溶释放的数学模型的模型分析处理的数学方法,为工业固体废弃物中重金属的释放、预测、评价、控制和管理提供了依据。