辽东湾浅水区水环境质量现状评价

根据1999年8月调查资料，对辽东湾浅水区的水质进行评价。结果表明：该海域大部分涨水指标达到一类水质标准。但无机氮、重金属Pb超标比较严重。河口附近海域水质较差，远岸水质相对较好。     

Seeding phenology influences wood mouse seed choices: the overlooked role of timing in the foraging decisions by seed-dispersing rodents

Scatter-hoarding rodents influence the population dynamics of plants by acting as seed predators and dispersers. Therefore, rodent foraging preferences for certain seed traits (species, size, condition) have been extensively studied. However, to what extent these preferences are fixed or they track the temporal changes on seed characteristics due to phenological differences has been seldom explored. We studied the temporal variability in seed preferences by wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus), according to phenological changes in seed characteristics of two co-occurring oaks (Quercus ilex and Quercus pubescens). The phenology of acorn abundance and the acorn predation/dispersal patterns by rodents were monitored over an entire seeding season. Results revealed temporal changes in rodent preferences for acorns of the two oaks, matching their different seeding phenology (earlier in Q. pubescens and later in Q. ilex). On the other hand, whatever the species considered, rodents preferred larger and sound acorns along the entire season, although the dispersal of infested ones increased slightly during the peaks of acorn drop. The observed influence of seeding phenology on seed choices by rodents warns about inferring definite conclusions regarding their foraging behavior when arising from short-term experiments. Indeed, this study reveals that foraging preferences may be highly dynamic and context-dependent for some seed traits (e.g., species and condition), rather than fixed behavioral patterns. Plasticity in rodent foraging choices may allow them to successfully exploit different oaks with uncoupled seeding phenologies, while potentially favoring their coexistence.     

Enhanced organic phosphorus detection in sediments by foam separation and 31P-NMR

Phosphorus (P) is both a nutrient and a pollutant. For instance, excess P induces water eutrophication followed by death of fishes and other water life. Determination of organic P content in sediments is therefore important to study P cycling and environmental pollution. The most widely used method to determine organic P in sediments is NaOH–EDTA extraction followed by ³¹P-NMR detection. However, some organic P compounds are difficult to extract using NaOH–EDTA due to the low solubility, thus can not be detected by ³¹P NMR. Here, we used foam separation to determine organic P in sediment of North Canal of Tianjin City, China. Organic P was first enriched using foam separation coupled with NaOH extraction. The enriched organic P was then analyzed with ³¹P NMR. The results showed that, compared with the traditional extraction method, foam separation coupled with NaOH extraction enriched more P compound because ³¹P NMR detected an extra signal of teichoic acid at chemical shift 1.14. This teichoic acid signal was not detected in the extract prepared using only NaOH–EDTA. Our finding demonstrates that determination using foam separation followed by ³¹P NMR is feasible.     

煤矿突发事件应急救援的群决策方法

提出了基于直觉模糊集的煤矿突发事件应急救援TOPSIS群决策模型。其中决策者权重采用偏好值与群体平均偏好值的相似度计算,属性指标权重采用直觉模糊熵权法确定。通过直觉模糊加权集成运算将各决策矩阵进行合成得到综合决策矩阵,利用改进后的直觉模糊距离公式计算出全部备选救援方案到正负理想解的距离,根据TOPSIS运算结果可以确定最佳事故救援决策方案。最后通过黑龙江省鸡西某矿的实例分析,验证了该模型的有效性及合理性。     

青藏工程走廊道路工程阴阳坡效应研究现状及展望

青藏工程走廊整体呈东北-西南走向,加之青藏高原强烈的太阳辐射及大气透明度高,导致廊内路基工程存在显著的"阴阳坡"效应。在阴阳坡热效应作用下,路基阳坡路肩沉降变形普遍大于阴坡路肩,由此引发包括路基倾斜、边坡滑塌、纵向裂缝等一系列路基路面病害问题,严重影响了路基工程的长期稳定性,大幅增加了工程后期运营维护成本。针对这一问题,从青藏工程走廊阴阳坡效应的成因、阴阳坡效应作用下路基体冻融过程及地基温度场分布、路基的横向差异沉降变形、阴阳坡效应相关路基路面病害以及防控措施5个方面系统论述了目前的研究和工程实践现状,并结合阴阳坡效应的量化研究、防治措施的有效性等方面就未来需要开展的研究工作进行了展望,以期为青藏工程走廊内路基工程的建设与维护提供参考。     

水体颗粒物以及土壤对有机物吸附常数的测定

本文介绍了用批量平衡测定水体悬浮颗粒物以及土壤对有机物吸附常数的测定方法，并给出实例和方法的注意事项。     

ZnO-based heterostructures as photocatalysts for hydrogen generation and depollution: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Energy shortage and escalating pollution are major challenges globally. Heterogeneous photocatalysis is one of the most cost-effective methods for producing...