Environmental assessment of different advanced oxidation processes applied to a bleaching Kraft mill effluent

Basic research on remediation of polluted sediment by leaching has, to date, been carried out exclusively with suspended material. For economic reasons, only solid-bed leaching is applicable to large-scale processes. Abiotic and microbial solid-bed leaching were comparatively studied in a percolator system using ripened and therefore permeable heavy metal polluted river sediment. In the case of abiotic leaching, sulfuric acid was supplied to the sediment by circulating water; the lower the pH of the percolating water, the higher the percolation flow, and the lower the solid-bed height was, the faster the heavy metals were solubilized. However, the pH and percolation flow are subjected to restrictions: strongly acidic conditions result in dissolution of mineral components, and the percolation flow must not exceed the bed permeability. And a high solid bed is an economic requirement. In the case of bioleaching, elemental sulfur added to the sediment was oxidized to sulfuric acid within the package which, in turn, solubilized the heavy metals. Here, the percolation flow and the solid-bed height did not affect the rate of metal solubilization. Solid-bed leaching on a larger scale will thus be much more efficient applying bioleaching with sulfur as the leaching agent than abiotic leaching with sulfuric acid.     

Agronomic characterisation of different types of sewage sludge: Policy implications

Spain is one of the main municipal sewage sludge producers of Europe. This paper aims to agronomically characterise different types of sewage sludge stabilised by different methods (anaerobically digested, composted, and pelletised) and deliver policy recommendations from the results of this characterisation. Anaerobic sewage sludge quality is found to be better in plants with a lower volume of water processing. Composted sludge shows the best quality from a heavy metal point of view, but its low available nitrogen content increases the input of heavy metals when spread, as compared to digested or pelletised sludge. Pelletised sludge has higher heavy metal content than anaerobically digested sludge. Despite the good quality of the sludges, future regulations, especially with regard to Cd levels, will limit the use of this waste in agriculture.     

安全是最好的效益

有些人总认为安全投入增加生产成本,安全规定影响生产进度,安全或多或少的影响经济效益.其实不然,安全是最好的经济效益. 安全的经济效益可以从以下几个方面看出来:     

LIGNIN SEPARATION BY CONTINUOUS ION FLOTATION: INVESTIGATION OF PHYSICAL OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS1

ABSTRACT: Ion flotation is the term used to describe a process in which there is an initally homogeneous solution which becomes heterogeneous after the addition of an oppositely charged surfactant due to the reaction between the surfactant and specific ion(s); thus, insoluble complexes are formed. These insoluble complexes will then attached to the bubbles passing through the solution and thus leave in the foam phase. The performance of the continuous ion flotation process for the removal of haft lignin from water was investigated intensively using liquid flow rates, gas flow rates, feed locations and solution height as operational variables. The interrelationships among these physical parameters were studied and discussed. A dimensionless operational chart was established for process control. Results demonstrate that ion flotation is an effective process for removing lignin from water, provided that a quaternary ammonium salt, such as cetyldimethylbenzyl-ammonium chloride or the like, is used as a collector. At optimum operational conditions, higher than 0.95 fractional removal of lignin can be achieved.     

中美页岩气开发环境管理制度的分析与建议

随着页岩气开发技术的突破与发展,我国已成为继美国、加拿大之后第三个实现页岩气工业化生产的国家。而由页岩气开发伴随的地下水污染、生态破坏等环境问题亦不可忽视。本文通过分析中美页岩气开发过程中的环境管理政策、管理模式,提出加快完善我国页岩气开发环境管理体系及环境监管的建议：1）形成页岩气开发全过程环境管理体系;2）强化页岩气开发的区块规划环评,落实生态保护红线和资源利用上线要求;3）规范项目环境影响评价,提高页岩气环境管理要求;4）在制定页岩气开发污染控制相关标准时纳入开采工艺过程的环保管理要求。     

氨电极测定空气中氨的方法研究

本文对氨电极测定空气中氨的方法进行了研究，确定了最佳分析条件。分析方法的精密度，其平均变异系数为４７％；平均回收率为９９８％，测定结果与纳氏试剂比色法无显著性差异，该方法适用于空气中氨的测定。     

Derivative spectrophotometric method for copper determination

A simple, sensitive and selective method by solvent extraction-first derivative spectrophotometry is described for the determination of microamounts of copper in water by means of its reaction and extraction at pH 8.0 with 3-(4-phenyl-2-pyridinyl-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazine) (PPT) and picrate (2,4,6-trinitro-phenol) into 1,2-dichloroethane. Copper was thus determined in the range 7.5–350 ng/ml with a detection limits (3) of 2.3 ng/ml. The relative standard deviations were in all instances less than 2.0%. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of copper in several kinds of water.     

山东省道教名山的生态旅游开发构想

生态旅游是一种以可持续发展为原则的新型旅游方式,注重旅游过程中的环境教育和自然知识的普及,倡导人与自然的和谐统一.这与中国的道家思想有极为相似之处.胶东地区是全真教派的发源地,崂山、昆嵛山等道教名山原生环境保持良好,非常适合开展生态旅游活动.因此,结合道家的天人思想对山东的道教名山进行生态旅游的开发,值得探索和实践.     

炼油厂外排污水回用于绿化的研究初探

实验选用三种不同的源水,即大港地区的地下水、滦河水和炼油厂外排水,实验植物选用:一串红、藿香蓟。定期分别用三种源水浇灌植物,以考察两种植物生长情况和土壤离子浓度的变化。研究结果表明,炼油废水处理后用于绿化,在达标排放的情况下,对某些植物的生长有一定的促进作用。