碱法蔗渣制浆黑液循环处理技术研究

对碱法蔗渣制浆黑液良性循环处理技术路线及原理进行研究。研究结果表明 ,此技术路线可行 ,制浆黑液将被全部处理 ,同时实现了液体回用和回收两种实用价值好的产品目标。处理黑液所用的酸化剂转化为制浆药液成分回用于制浆蒸煮 ,得到的浆、纸性能良好。     

马里亚纳海槽玄武岩K-Ar定年及其地质意义

对马里亚纳海槽弧后扩张脊上所采集的玄武岩样品进行了系统的K -Ar定年 ,同时结合研究玄武岩的微量元素以及稀土元素特征后指出 ,马里亚纳海槽的张开及与之伴随发生的玄武岩浆活动自晚中新世以来一直都在进行 ,其主活动期为 2～ 4Ma。海槽玄武岩年龄在空间上具有从南到北逐渐变新的演化规律。据此 ,推断该海槽的扩张演化可能受控于该区内热区的迁移及运动规律     

松辽平原土壤环境背景值区域特征及分布规律

一、前言 “松辽平原土壤环境背景值调查研究”列入国家“六五”重点攻关课题,由辽宁、吉林、黑龙江三省环境监测中心站、中国科学院林业土壤研究所、长春地理所、高能物理所等十六个单位组成协作组,对松辽平原24.6万km~2土地,采土壤剖面1025个,土壤样品3284个,进行35项元素及土壤性质的分析测试,共获得数据七万余个,提出了松辽平原土壤背景值及背景图。本文从土壤地球化学观点出发对该区土壤背景值区域特征及分布规律作一些探讨,至于详细采样布点设计,所用分析方法与质量控制以及分布类型检验方法等,请参阅“松辽平原土壤背景值调查研究”报告,此处从略。     

大港油田区域在线监测系统建设与管理

污染源在线监测系统的应用是环境执法、科学管理的重要手段。概述了大港油田区域在线监测系统建设现状及管理现状。分析管理中发现的典型问题,提出应对措施。针对实时数据与COD实测数据偏差较大,提出通过计算显示值与数采仪数据之差,手动调节在线监测仪的输出电流,从而有效降低数据传输偏差;针对COD在线监测仪受氯离子干扰而导致数据异常现象,从三方面提出解决办法:强化对前段来液的处理水平,适当增加掩蔽剂的投入量,选择更加适合的在线监测方法。     

崂山水库上游区生态环境需水量的计算

本文建立了崂山水库上游区生态环境需水量的计算方法,并计算了该区域的生态环境需水量.结果表明崂山水库上游区生态环境需水量为3089.78×104m3,其中植被生态环境需水量为2792.7×104m3,河流生态环境需水量为291.95×104m3,水库生态环境需水量为5.13×104m3.崂山水库上游区生产生活用水总量为63.67×104m3,多年平均水资源总量为4032.7×104m3,说明从全年来看该区域生态环境需水能够得到基本满足.但径流量年内分配极不均匀,大部分集中于丰水期,枯水期的生态环境需水可能无法保障.     

Photocatalytic elimination of indoor air biological and chemical pollution in realistic conditions

The photocatalytic elimination of microorganisms from indoor air in realistic conditions and the feasibility of simultaneous elimination of chemical contaminants have been studied at laboratory scale. Transparent polymeric monoliths have been coated with sol-gel TiO(2) films and used as photocatalyst to treat real indoor air in a laboratory-scale single-step annular photocatalytic reactor. The analytical techniques used to characterize the air quality and analyze the results of the photocatalytic tests were: colony counting, microscopy and PCR with subsequent sequencing for microbial quantification and identification; automated thermal desorption coupled to gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection for chemical analysis. The first experiments performed proved that photocatalysis based on UVA-irradiated TiO(2) for the reduction of the concentration of bacteria in the air could compete with the conventional photolytic treatment with UVC radiation, more expensive and hazardous. Simultaneously to the disinfection, the concentration of volatile organic compounds was greatly reduced, which adds value to this technology for real applications. The fungal colony number was not apparently modified.     

Inhibitory effects of catechol accumulation on benzene biodegradation in Pseudomonas putida F1 cultures

The influence of benzene concentration on the specific growth rate (mu), CO(2) and metabolite production, and cellular energetic content (i.e., ATP content), during benzene biodegradation by Pseudomonas putida F1 was investigated. Within the concentration range tested (5-130mg benzene l(-1)) the mu, the specific CO(2) production, and the ATP content remained constant at 0.42-0.48h(-1), 1.86+/-0.21g CO(2) g(-1) biomass, and 5.3+/-0.4x10(-6)mol ATP g(-1) biomass, respectively. Catechol accumulated during process start-up at all tested concentrations. Catechol specific production increased with increasing benzene inlet concentrations. This confirms that the transformation of this intermediate was the limiting step during benzene degradation. It was shown that catechol inhibited both the conversion of benzene to catechol and its further transformation. In addition, catechol concentrations higher than 10mgl(-1) significantly decreased both benzene and catechol associated respiration, confirming the highly inhibitory effect of this intermediate. This inhibitory threshold concentration was approximately two orders of magnitude lower than the concentrations present in the culture medium during process start-up, suggesting that cellular activity was always far below its maximum. Thus, due to its toxic and inhibitory nature and its tendency to accumulate at high benzene loading, catechol must be carefully monitored during process operation.     

采油废水厌氧处理系统的微生物群落特征

为了深入认识石油烃的厌氧降解过程,利用分子生物学技术分析了大庆油田采油废水处理系统厌氧池和进水中的微生物群落特征。基于DGGE和克隆文库的分析结果均表明,厌氧生物膜中存在的古菌源自于采油废水。厌氧生物膜和采油废水中的古菌主要是产甲烷菌,包括嗜甲基的Methanomethylovorans thermophila和利用氢和甲酸的Methanolinea tarda。值得注意的是,氢营养型的M.tarda在厌氧生物膜中得到了富集。进水和厌氧生物膜中的细菌群落结构明显不同。进水中的主要细菌类群为Epsilonproteobacteria,而生物膜中的主要类群为Nitrospira和Deltaproteobacteria。在厌氧生物膜中发现许多与产甲烷古菌(尤其是氢营养型产甲烷菌)协同降解石油烃类物质的细菌相关克隆:其中一个克隆与Syntrophus具有较高的同源性,该类菌是产甲烷菌介导的厌氧烃降解微生物区系中的关键细菌;许多Deltaproteobacteria克隆属于group TA类群,该类群细菌主要参与芳香族化合物产甲烷菌介导的厌氧降解过程。这些结果表明,在大庆油田采油废水厌氧处理系统中已经建立起由产甲烷菌所介导的厌氧石油烃降解的微生物区系。     

高氨废水短程硝化特性

采用SBR装置,针对高氨废水的特点,在高氨条件下,以高氨低氧为转化手段,实现高氨废水短程硝化过程中亚硝化菌的驯化与积累。控制温度为28~31℃,曝气量为15~60 L/h,pH控制在7.8~8.2的条件下连续运行78 d。实验结果表明,运行11 d后实现了短程硝化,从11 d至78 d属于系统氨氮负荷提高期。在运行过程中,氨氮污泥负荷从开始的0.023 kg/（kg·d）逐步上升为0.3 kg/（kg·d）,最高时达到0.34 kg/（kg·d）,此时氨氮去除率仍维持90%以上。为观察驯化后短程硝化菌的形态,取驯化好的污泥进行电镜扫描,结果表明,污泥中的细菌形态主要以球状菌为主。