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181.
Muñoz A García-Duro J Alvarez R Pesqueira XM Reyes O Casal M 《Journal of environmental management》2012,94(1):34-40
In NW Europe, it is known that cutting is a useful tool for managers with regard to decisions about the conservation and management of wet heathlands. Nevertheless it is rarely described quantitatively in the international literature. In Spain, knowledge about this is scarce or lacking. In this study, twenty communities were selected in Galicia (NW Spain) that would represent from one to four stages of vegetation development after cutting. Two 5?×?5?m plots were established for each stage to characterise the vegetation on the basis of its species composition, frequency values, vertical structure and linear cover features. The Diversity Shannon index was calculated and multivariate analyses were performed. As succession advanced, notable changes were produced in the cover of dominant species, Erica ciliaris and Ulex gallii in the first stages and Erica tetralix and Genista berberidea in mature ones. Also, the species richness decreased because of the reduced number of herbs species in the mature stages and, finally, the cover values are indicators of the degree of vegetation development, together with the other parameters of height, overlayering or diversity. Cutting is a useful tool for management of heathlands because the existence of vegetation units belonging to different succession stages increases the internal diversity of communities. On the other hand, the vertical and horizontal structure reflects the formidable resilience of the vegetation community to this practice. This study offers a global vision of the dynamics of wet heathlands after cutting, with very useful ecological information that can be used by the people responsible for their management. 相似文献
182.
穆海芳 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2012,(6):51-53
济钢球团竖炉工艺除尘风机因场地受限建设在办公区域内,致使办公室的室内外噪音检测超标,为了保证正常生产办公秩序,采用隔声罩原理对除尘风机及风机出口噪声进行降噪处理,在解决风机出口噪声问题的同时,较好地解决了烟囱传播噪声的达标问题。 相似文献
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184.
利用ICP-AES分析了潞城市采暖期和非采暖期4个不同功能区PM10样品中16种化学元素,对不同元素的时空分布特征进行了研究,并采用富集因子和主成分分析初步研究了潞城市PM10中元素的主要来源。结果表明,潞城市PM10中重金属污染较为严重,且各元素在采暖期的平均浓度均明显高于非采暖期。PM10中Ca、V、Cr、As、Ni、Mn、Cu、Zn、Al和Pb的富集因子EF〉10,主要来源于人为污染;而Na、Mg、Si、Fe和K的EF〈10,除部分来自人为活动外,主要来自土壤风沙等自然来源。主成分分析结果显示,潞城市PM10中元素的主要来源按贡献率大小依次为:煤烟尘和工业粉尘50.39%,自然源34.37%和机动车尾气15.24%。 相似文献
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187.
Joan G. Staniswalis Norris J. Parks Julia O. Bader Yolanda Muñoz Maldonado 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(7):893-902
Abstract One of two topics explored is the limitations of the daily average in summarizing pollutant hourly profiles. The daily average of hourly measurements of air pollutant constituents provides continuity with previous studies using monitoring technology that only provided the daily average. However, other summary statistics are needed that make better use of all available information in 24-hr profiles. The daily average reflects the total daily dose, obscuring hourly resolution of the dose rate. Air pollutant exposures with comparable total daily doses may have very different effects when occurring at high levels over a few hours as opposed to low levels over a longer time. Alternative data-based choices for summary statistics are provided using principal component analysis to capture the exposure dose rate, while preserving ease of interpretation. This is demonstrated using the earliest hourly particle concentration data available for El Paso from archived records of particulate matter (PM)10. In this way, a significant association between evening PM10 exposures and nonaccidental daily mortality is found in El Paso from 1992 to 1995, otherwise missed using the daily average. Secondly, the nature and, hence, effects of particles in the ambient aerosol during El Paso sandstorms is believed different from that of particles present during stillair conditions resulting from atmospheric temperature inversions. To investigate this, wind speed (ws) is used as a surrogate variable to label PM10 exposures as Low-ws (primarily fine particles), High-ws (primarily coarse particles), or Mid-ws (a mixture of fine and coarse particles). A High-ws evening is significantly associated with a 10% lower risk of mortality on the succeeding third day, as compared with comparable exposures at Low- or Mid-ws. Although this analysis cannot be used to form firm conclusions because it uses a very small data set, it demonstrates the limitations of the daily average and suggests differential toxicity for different particle compositions. 相似文献
188.
Hao Zhang Xianghui Zhang Wenhui Mu Jiaxiu Wang Hongyu Pan Yu Li 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):501-507
Enrichment culturing of sludge taken from an industrial wastewater treatment pond led to the identification of a bacterium (Klebsiella jilinsis H. Zhang) that degrades chlorimuron-ethyl with high efficiency. Klebsiella jilinsis strain 2N3 grows with chlorimuron-ethyl as the sole nitrogen source at the optimal temperature range of 30–35°C and pH values between 6.0–7.0. In liquid medium, the degradation activity was further induced by chlorimuron-ethyl. Degradation rates followed the pesticide degradation kinetic equation at concentrations between 20 and 200 mg L?1. Using initial concentrations of 20 and 100 mg L?1, the degradation rates of chlorimuron-ethyl were 83.5 % and 92.5 % in 12 hours, respectively. At an initial concentration higher than 200 mg L?1, the degradation rate decreased slightly as the concentration increased. The 2N3 strain also degraded the sulfonylurea herbicides ethametsulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron, rimsulfuron, and tribenuron-methyl. This study provides scientific evidence and support for the application of K. jilinsis in bioremediation to reduce environmental pollution. 相似文献
189.
以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和氟化钠分别为碳源和氟源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了CF-TiO2光催化剂,并对其进行了SEM、XRD、N2吸附、XPS、UV-visDRS和PL表征。研究了CF-TiO2在模拟太阳光下光催化降解亚甲基蓝溶液的活性,并讨论了氟掺杂量以及CTAB加入量对催化性能的影响。结果表明,CF-TiO2为锐钛矿型,孔结构丰富、比表面积大,氟碳共掺后使TiO2光催化剂的禁带宽度变窄为2.40 eV,在可见光区吸收增强,有效提高TiO2在模拟太阳光下的光催化活性,而且当n(F/Ti)(氟钛摩尔比)为0.1,加入碳源CTAB量为2 g时,其光催化活性最好。 相似文献
190.
Faik Bilgili İlhan Öztürk Emrah Koçak Ümit Bulut Yalçın Pamuk Erhan Muğaloğlu Hayriye H. Bağlıtaş 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(19):19043-19061
In terms of today, one may argue, throughout observations from energy literature papers, that (i) one of the main contributors of the global warming is carbon dioxide emissions, (ii) the fossil fuel energy usage greatly contributes to the carbon dioxide emissions, and (iii) the simulations from energy models attract the attention of policy makers to renewable energy as alternative energy source to mitigate the carbon dioxide emissions. Although there appears to be intensive renewable energy works in the related literature regarding renewables’ efficiency/impact on environmental quality, a researcher might still need to follow further studies to review the significance of renewables in the environment since (i) the existing seminal papers employ time series models and/or panel data models or some other statistical observation to detect the role of renewables in the environment and (ii) existing papers consider mostly aggregated renewable energy source rather than examining the major component(s) of aggregated renewables. This paper attempted to examine clearly the impact of biomass on carbon dioxide emissions in detail through time series and frequency analyses. Hence, the paper follows wavelet coherence analyses. The data covers the US monthly observations ranging from 1984:1 to 2015 for the variables of total energy carbon dioxide emissions, biomass energy consumption, coal consumption, petroleum consumption, and natural gas consumption. The paper thus, throughout wavelet coherence and wavelet partial coherence analyses, observes frequency properties as well as time series properties of relevant variables to reveal the possible significant influence of biomass usage on the emissions in the USA in both the short-term and the long-term cycles. The paper also reveals, finally, that the biomass consumption mitigates CO2 emissions in the long run cycles after the year 2005 in the USA. 相似文献