受限空间燃料电池车辆氢气泄漏与燃爆研究现状

燃料电池车辆高效环保,但其高压储氢罐会带来泄漏及燃爆风险。车库、隧道等受限空间是实际运行中常见场景,受限空间将改变燃料电池车辆氢气泄漏后扩散积聚、射流燃烧与气云爆炸的演化特性。针对这一现状,总结了国内外研究人员对受限空间燃料电池车辆氢泄漏、射流燃烧与气云爆炸的研究;分析了国内外现有标准与指南,归纳出受限空间内燃料电池车辆的安全措施,为燃料电池车辆安全运行与风险评估提供技术支持。     

土壤水分含量和凋落物特性对陌上菅细根和叶片凋落物分解的影响

凋落物分解是湿地生态系统中碳和养分循环的关键过程.对比叶片凋落物和细根的分解速率,有助于阐明水分变化条件下不同凋落物类型对湿地碳循环的相对贡献,提高人们对不同有机碳源分解驱动机制的理解.以安徽省升金湖湿地典型湿生植物——陌上菅（Carex thunbergii）为研究对象,采用分解袋法进行凋落物分解试验,分析叶片凋落物和细根在不同土壤水分含量（30%、50%和70%）下的分解动态.结果表明:①经过5个月的分解,在30%、50%和70%的土壤水分含量下,陌上菅的细根质量残留率分别为46.7%、58.1%和60.1%,叶片凋落物的质量残留率分别为37.9%、31.6%、33.9%.②在30%、50%和70%的土壤水分含量下,陌上菅的细根分解速率常数分别为1.78、1.27、1.12,叶片凋落物的分解速率常数分别为2.56、2.94、2.54,且它们之间存在显著性差异（P < 0.05）.③细根的分解速率与土壤水分含量之间呈负相关（P < 0.001）,而叶片凋落物的分解速率与土壤水分含量呈正相关（P=0.01）.④根据重复测量方差分析结果可知,凋落物分解受凋落物类型、分解时间及二者交互作用的影响,且凋落物类型是主导因素.分别对细根和叶片凋落物的质量损失进行重复测量方差分析,发现在细根的分解过程中,土壤水分含量是主要影响因素,而在叶片凋落物分解过程中,分解时间是主导因素.研究显示,相同土壤水分含量下,叶片凋落物的分解速率比细根快;湿地水位变化条件下,土壤水分含量对细根和叶片凋落物分解具有不同的影响,土壤水分含量的增加促进了叶片凋落物的分解,但对细根的分解产生了抑制作用.      

水产动物模型的建立及在病害防控上的研究进展

近年来,水产动物模型在鱼病防控方面的应用越来越广泛.其具备遗传背景清晰、条件可控性强等优点,是鱼病防控基础研究的有效工具之一.本文论述了水产动物模型的建立方法以及在鱼类疾病病原分析、疫苗开发和水质监测方面应用的研究现状,并对水产动物替代模型的发展前景做了简要论述.     

单级好氧和限氧污水处理系统中总氮损失的微生物学机理

近年来,单级好氧和限氧污水处理系统中总氮损失的现象引起了人们的普遍关注,本文对这种现象的微生物学机理及研究现状进行了阐述,主要是儿类细菌的单独脱氮或者它们之间的协同脱氮,包括自养(亚)硝化菌单独脱氮、好氧反硝化菌单独脱氮、(亚)硝化菌和好氧反硝化菌的协同脱氮以及(亚)硝化菌和厌氧氨氧化菌的协同脱氮.与传统的硝化-反硝化脱氮工艺相比,这些脱氮新途径具有不可比拟的优越性,对于强化污水生物脱氮具有重要意义.图8参53     

雄安新区土壤重金属污染特征及健康风险

为了解雄安新区表层土壤重金属污染特征及潜在生态风险状况,系统采集和分析测试区内土壤样品600件,采用富集因子、地累积指数、综合污染指数、潜在生态危害指数和健康风险评估模型,对土壤重金属污染程度、潜在生态风险和健康风险进行评估.结果表明,各项重金属富集因子(EF)均值小于2,从高至低顺序为Hg>Cd>Cu>Pb>Ni>Z...     

Ecotoxicological responses of the earthworm Eisenia fetida exposed to soil contaminated with HHCB

Although polycyclic musks have been shown to cause lethal and sub-lethal effects on organisms, their biochemical toxicity to earthworms is not well understood. In the current study, we investigated the responses of antioxidant systems and lipid peroxidation after exposing Eisenia fetida to soil contaminated with 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethyl-cyclopenta-γ-2-benzopyran (HHCB). Significant increase in lipid peroxidation level was observed on day 14 at two high concentrations, 50 and 100 mg kg⁻¹. Among antioxidant enzymes, the primary response to chronic HHCB exposure can be attributed to superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Of the two enzymes, SOD exhibited more sensitive response to HHCB stress. In addition, these two enzymes could have a combined effect on fighting damage by reactive oxygen species, evidenced by a marked relationship between lipid peroxidation and enzyme activity. On the other hand, dose-dependent inhibition of peroxidase (POD) activity has been observed throughout the test. The results suggest that the variations in investigated parameters of E. fetida could be used as responsive biomarkers for oxidative stress caused by HHCB in a soil environment.     

Leachate treatment using a demonstration aged refuse biofilter

Approximately 7000 m3 of aged refuse (AR) with a placement of over eight years was excavated from Shanghai Refuse Landfill, the largest landfill in China, and used for the construction of a two-stage bioreactor (AR biofilter) media for the biological treatment of 100 m3 of refuse landfill leachate. It was found that over 64% of COD, 96.9%–99.8% of NH4 +-N, and 95.8%–99.8% of BOD5 could be removed by the AR biofilter, when the leachate with initial COD, BOD5, and NH4 +-N concentrations were 986–4128 mg/L, 264–959 mg/L, and 538–1583 mg/L, respectively. The corresponding concentrations in the e uent were reduced to below 300–400 mg/L, 2–12 mg/L, and 10–20 mg/L, respectively. The e uent was clear and pale yellow with suspended solid below 150 mg/L and color below 150 Pt/Co degree. Meanwhile, the total nitrogen removal was only 49%–63%, indicating a relative poor denitrification capacity of AR biofilter. The e uent pH was neutral and the population of Escherichia coli was less than 10??1 CFU/mL. Hence, it was considered that the demonstration project can work well for the e ective treatment of leachate.     

持久性有机污染物(POPs)研究进展

对持久性有机污染物的定义、特点、种类和危害进行了介绍,分析了这些物质在全球自然界中存在的量和来源,阐述了POPs在区域或全球的迁移、循环模式以及POPs的预测模型,提出了对目前和将来POPs控制的研究对策和一些意见。     

城市绿地系统植物生态功能评价及其应用——以苏州市为例

城市绿地植物作为城市生态系统的重要组成,在改善城市生存环境和维持生态平衡方面发挥着重要作用,在城市生态系统中具有其他子系统不可替代的特殊生态功能。文章以苏州市为例,采取分层随机抽样调查的方法选取了道路、公园、居住小区共计30个具有代表性的样本区进行调查,并结合苏州市实际情况,筛选出吸硫能力、滞尘能力、抗污能力、增湿能力、环境卫生等9个评价指标,运用综合指数评价法对30个样本区中40种常见植物进行评价。结果表明苏州市绿地系统植物生长现状及其总体生态功能较好,绿化植物综合评价指数达到中等以上水平的占80％,其中乔木占所调查乔木总数的100％。文章最后对苏州市绿地系统结构优化及植物物种配置等方面提出了建议。     

Three-stage aged refuse biofilter for the treatment of landfill leachate

A field-scale aged refuse(AR) biofilter constructed in Shanghai Refuse Landfill,containing about 7000 m3 aged refuse inside,was evaluated for its performance in the treatment of landfill leachate. This AR biofilter can be divided into three stages and can manage 50 m3 landfill leachate per day. The physical,chemical,and biological characteristics of AR were analyzed for evaluating the AR biofilter as leachate treatment host. The results revealed that over 87.8%-96.2% of COD and 96.9%-99.4% of ammonia nitrog...