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Oxidation of natural and synthetic hormones by the horseradish peroxidase enzyme in wastewater 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Steroid estrogens, including both natural estrogens (e.g., estrone - E1; 17beta-estradiol - E2; and estriol - E3) and synthetic estrogens (e.g., 17alpha-ethinylestradiol - EE2), are known as endocrine-disrupting compounds. The objective of this research was to evaluate the feasibility of the enzymatic oxidation of estrogens and to optimize this process in municipal wastewater contaminated with steroid estrogens using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide. An initial HRP activity of 0.02 U ml(-1) was sufficient to completely remove EE2 from the synthetic solution, although greater HRP doses (up to 0.06 U ml(-1)) were required to remove E1, E2 and E3. The optimal molar peroxide-to-substrate ratio was determined to be approximately 0.45. Based on the Michaelis-Menten kinetics, the HRP had an increasing reactivity with E1, E3, E2, and EE2, in increasing order. In real activated sludge process effluent, an HRP dose of 8-10 U ml(-1) was required to completely remove all of the studied estrogens, while only 0.032 U ml(-1) of HRP was necessary to treat synthetic water containing the same estrogen concentrations. 相似文献
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Teillard Félix Doyen Luc Dross Camille Jiguet Frédéric Tichit Muriel 《Regional Environmental Change》2017,17(5):1397-1408
Regional Environmental Change - Reconciling biodiversity conservation and food production may require the fine-tuning of both agricultural intensity and its spatial allocation. Here, we explored... 相似文献
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Establishing A Earth Observation Product Service For The Terrestrial Carbon Community: The Globcarbon Initiative 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Stephen Plummer Olivier Arino Muriel Simon Will Steffen 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2006,11(1):97-111
'Greenhouse gases', especially carbon dioxide, are intimately connected to climate change. To understand the future evolution
of the climate system and find ways to manage the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide, the processes and feedbacks
that drive the carbon cycle must first be understood. However, our current knowledge of spatial and temporal patterns is uncertain,
particularly over land and in regions of potentially high sensitivity to change like the boreal zone. The European Space Agency
(ESA) GLOBCARBON project aims to generate fully calibrated estimates of at-land products quasi-independent of the original
Earth Observation source for use primarily in Dynamic Global Vegetation Models, but also as a contribution to the Global Carbon
Project, a cooperation between the International Geosphere Biosphere Programme, International Human Dimensions Programme and
the World Climate Research Programme to aid understanding of global carbon cycling. The service will feature estimation of
global burned area, the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (fAPAR), leaf area index (LAI) and Vegetation Growth Cycle. The demonstrator will focus on ten complete years, from 1998 to 2007
when overlap exists between ESA Earth Observation sensors and others that are synergistic. However, the system will be flexible
so that it is not dependent on any single satellite sensor and therefore can be retrospectively applied to existing archives
and used with future satellite sensors. 相似文献
56.
Youssef Filali-Meknassi Muriel Auriol Craig D Adams Rao Y Surampalli 《Water environment research》2007,79(6):687-696
In this study, the occurrence of trace amounts of natural and synthetic steroid estrogens in the aquatic environment was studied using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray mass spectrometry, following solid-phase extraction (SPE). The SPE was performed with C18 and NH2 cartridges. The first objective was to develop a reliable method for analyzing steroid estrogens (resulting from human and animal excretions) in different matrices. The method developed was then applied to quantify the occurrence of natural and synthetic hormones (estrone [E1], 17beta-estradiol [betaE2], 17alpha-estradiol [alphaE2], estriol [E3], and 17alpha-ethinylestradiol [EE2]) in environmental samples in surface water and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influent and effluent. In the WWTP influents, betaE2, alphaE2, and E3 were identified as ranging up to 72.6 ng/L in WWTP influent and to 16 ng/L in WWTP effluent. Analysis o f surface wa ter sampled upstream from the WWTP revealed the presence of all five estrogens, at levels up to 19.8 ng/L. These concentrations of estrogens pose an issue for large and small communities, because they are higher than the recommended guidelines for estrogen-active compounds and because a lot of communities use surface water as drinking-water sources. 相似文献
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At the national scale, forest cover in Guatemala declined at an annual rate of 1.2% during the past quarter century because
of settlement that removed primary forests in the northern region of the country; however, the majority of the population
of Guatemala still resides in the densely populated central highlands and has extracted timber and fuelwood from adjacent
forests for centuries. Using baseline data recorded in 1987 and 1996, this article reexamined the sustainability of a municipal-communal
pine forest in San José La Arada, a municipality in eastern Guatemala. The pine forest declined from the period 1987 to 1996
because of overextraction of timber and fuelwood. Forest structure and forest use were reexamined from the period 1996 to
2007 to test the hypothesis that the forest continued to decline. Forest characteristics such as stand density, basal area,
tree height, and evidence of forest use were measured to replicate the procedures from previous work at the study area. To
understand changes in forest structure and forest use in the context of the rise in remittances and the introduction of decentralized
forest governance that emerged since 1996, a household survey was conducted in two adjacent villages. Forest structure improved
from 1996 to 2007. From 1996 to 2007, forest characteristics such as stand density, basal area, tree height, and forest regeneration
improved and evidence of forest use decreased in the municipal-communal pine forest. The influence of large amounts of remittances
from the United States and other regions of Guatemala to households in the adjacent villages and the decentralization of forest
governance largely explains the shift toward forest sustainability in San José La Arada. 相似文献
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