滨海城市旅游竞争力评价研究

文章选取旅游资源综合竞争力、旅游发展竞争力、旅游环境竞争力三大指标体系,采用AHP层次分析法和TOPSIS求逼近理想解方法,对大连、青岛、宁波、厦门、深圳5个副省级城市的城市旅游竞争力进行横向测度研究,以反映它们之间的潜力、活力和约束力。总体上,深圳的城市旅游总体综合竞争力最强,大连次之。     

试验海区自然环境数据库系统初步设计

基于获取的试验海区自然环境数据的特点,选取合适的开发工具对试验海区自然环境数据库的框架结构进行设计和建设,并在此基础上进行了数据库在水下装备仿真计算方面的应用开发研究。该数据库对于剥离海洋环境背景条件下的目标特性研究工作具有现实意义。     

Sorption of Triton X-100 on soil organic matter fractions：Kinetics and isotherms

Kinetics and isotherms of Triton X-100 sorption on soil,base-extracted soil(BE),humic acid (HA) and humin (HM) were investigated respectively to get better understanding on characteristics of the surfactant sorptiun onto different soil organic matters(SOMs).It was demonstrated that the kinetics results could be satisfactorily described by the pseudo-second order model.The half of the time to reach equilibrium(t1/2) for different sorbents followed the sequence of soil>HA>BE>HM.Furthermore,the calculated equilibrium sorption capacity(Ceq) was found in the sequence of HA>BE>HM>soil,which agreed well with the experimental results.The isotherms of Triton X-100 sorption on soil and HA could be well described by the S-type isotherm,but BE and HM by the L-type.The isotherms of all the four sorbents were found reasonably fitted to the Langmuir equation.The Kd value,defined as the ratio of Triton X-100 in sorbent and in the equilibrium solution for given concentrations,generally followed the order of HM>HA>soil>BE.Separated HM and HA showed high affinity for Triton X-100,but the HA and HM in soil and BE were tightly bounded by the minerals.Thus,the HA on the soil surface might dominate the sorption,whereas the bounded HM would play a key role upon the surfactants being penetrated inside the soil.     

矿用正压式氧气呼吸器的选购

矿用正压式氧气呼吸器是向佩戴人员提供氧气,吸收呼气中的二氧化碳,使佩戴人员在整个呼吸防护过程中与外界空气完全隔绝的呼吸器官防护用品。简而言之,呼出气体经过呼气软管通到清净罐,吸收掉呼气中二氧化碳,然后流到呼吸气囊补充氧气。其标准部件主要有：与佩戴人员呼吸器官相连的全面罩,呼吸软管,二氧化碳清净罐、气囊和气瓶。     

气体循环方式对餐厨废水厌氧消化沼气生物提纯的影响

本研究对餐厨废水进行厌氧消化处理,并利用纳米零价铁供氢及嗜氢产甲烷菌的代谢作用来提高CH4含量,以实现沼气异位生物提纯.实验中比较了单向式、往复式、循环式3种气体循环方式对厌氧消化-沼气提纯耦合系统的影响.结果表明:3种气体循环方式均可提高CH4含量,其中循环式可获得最大甲烷含量为93.87％,累积沼气(CH4)产量为...     

合成氨-尿素生产建设项目环境风险评价

环境风险评价是化工建设项目环境影响评价的重要内容。以合成氨-尿素生产为例,按照环境风险评价技术导则的程序和方法进行化工项目环境风险识别和源项分析,指出液氨储罐燃烧爆炸、储罐或阀门破裂液氨泄漏、中压氨罐火灾爆炸及中压氨罐泄漏是合成氨-尿素生产中的重要风险事故,并利用多烟团模式对液氨储罐燃爆和泄漏两项最严重风险事故进行风险影响分析和最大风险值计算,结果表明,该项目事故风险最大值小于化工行业风险统计值,并提出事故风险的防范措施和对策。     

基于MODFLOW-NWT的尾矿库地下水环境影响评价

尾矿库渗滤液中污染物会对区域地下水产生不利影响。根据拟建工程场地水文地质条件和气象资料,建立三维数值预测模型并分析非正常工况下两种典型污染情景对地下水环境的影响,预测结果显示:特征污染物As的质量浓度随时间推移逐渐变大;防渗层破损和无防渗情况下污染晕沿地下水流方向最远运移距离在第100 d、1 000 d、7 884 d时分别为72 m、225 m、262 m和78 m、335 m、391 m。由于下游河流及周边泉点为区内地下水排泄主要途径,污染物经排泄进入下游河流将对环境造成较大影响,故提出相应防范措施。     

废铝蚀刻液中硝酸、磷酸和醋酸浓度的电位滴定法连续测定研究

废铝刻蚀液是由硝酸、磷酸和醋酸组成的一种混酸,把握混酸中各酸的含量是该工业废液回收利用的重要前提。以乙醇/乙二醇共混物为溶剂,以氢氧化钠/乙醇溶液为滴定剂,采用一步法连续电位滴定对铝蚀刻液混酸中各单酸浓度进行分析,优化了滴定条件并进行了实验验证。结果表明,在最优滴定条件下,混酸中各酸的测定值与实际值的偏差均较小。可满足现实生产中废混酸回收利用的分析要求,有望获得实际应用。     

MFBR工艺处理农村生活污水的工程应用分析

针对当前农村生活污水低碳氮比现状和处理难题,研发了拥有自主知识产权的MFBR泥膜共生污水处理工艺,并形成了一套分散式农村生活污水处理一体化设备,该设备集缺氧池、厌氧池、移动床曝气池、固定床曝气池及沉淀池于一体。研究考察了MFBR一体化设备用于处理湖南省某村庄生活污水的性能,结果表明：稳定运行后出水水质均达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB 18918—2002）一级A标,运行成本根据处理量在0.25～0.4元/m3。该设备可根据项目要求增减化学除磷系统,设备结构简单,运行成本低,对低碳氮比的生活污水处理效率高。     

Study on pyrolysis and gasification of wood in MSW

In order to develop municipal solid waste（MSW） pyrolysis/gasification and melting technology with low emission and high efficiency, it was planed that all the main components in MSW and some typical kinds of MSW were pyrolyzed/gasified to propose an expert system for raw MSW. In this paper, wood, which was a prevalent component in MSW, was pyrolyzed and gasified in fluidized-bed reactors at different apparent excess air ratios （EARs）, temperatures and fluidizing velocities. For pyrolysis, with tem- perature increasing from 400℃ to 700℃, the yield of pyrolysis char decreased while that of pyrolysis gas increased （in this paper respectively from 28% to 20% and from 10% to 35%）, and when temperature was 500℃, the yield of pyrolysis tar reached the highest, up to 38% in this paper. It was the optimum for gasification when temperature was 600℃ and apparent EAR was 0.4. Under the experimental conditions of this paper, gasification efficiency achieved 73%, lower heat value（LHV） reached 5800 kJ/（Nm^3） and yield of syngas was 2.01 Nm^3/kg. Lower fluidizing velocity was useful to upgrade gasification efficiency and LHV of syngas for wood gasification. Based on the results, the reactive courses and mechanism were analyzed respectively for wood pyrolysis and gasification.