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81.
利用多物种净水监测仪在线监测水体抗生素药物及有机磷农药 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
通过多物种净水监测仪(Multispecies Freshwater Biomonitor,MFB)监测斑马鱼在抗生素药物(恩诺沙星、磺胺嘧啶)和有机磷农药(乐果、马拉磷硫)暴露下的行为强度变化,以验证其作为监测水体环境中抗生素类药物和有机磷农药生物指标的可行性.结果表明,恩诺沙星、磺胺嘧啶对斑马鱼没有急性毒性,乐果、马拉硫磷对斑马鱼的LC50-96值(96h半致死浓度)分别是61、5.4mg.L?1.斑马鱼对环境变化的行为反应快速且敏感,随着药物浓度的增加,斑马鱼行为变化的强度增大,反应时间缩短,且行为强度的变化符合环境压力模型(Stepwise Stress Model,SSM).斑马鱼行为的改变与一般急性毒性实验结果有相关性,可以作为对抗生素和有机磷农药污染水质早期预警的生物在线监测指标. 相似文献
82.
Wei Song Jianguo Liu Yongfeng Nie 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2010,4(1):59-64
Pyrolysis is an alternative technology for oil sludge treatment. Thermogravimetric Analysis-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
and Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry were employed to investigate the pyrolysis process and products of oil
sludge. The pyrolysis process was divided into five stages: drying and gas desorption, oil volatilization, main pyrolysis,
semi-coke charring, and mineral decomposition. The main reaction temperatures ranged from 497.6 K to 753.2 K. The products
were mainly composed of pairs of alkane and alkene (carbon number ranges from 1 to 27). The mechanisms consisted of random
chain scission followed by end chain scission at high temperatures with volatilization occurring during the whole process.
This study is useful not only for the proper design of a pyrolysis system, but also for improving the utilization of liquid
oil products. 相似文献
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85.
对驯化筛选的多环芳烃(PAHs)高效降解菌CN4与CN2进行了深入研究,澄清了金属离子对其降解多环芳烃的作用,得出结论:对于CN2、CN4降解菌,Mn2+与常量Ca2+、Mg2+同时存在于降解体系中时,对蒽和菲降解起到明显促进作用。Cu2+和常量元素Ca2+、Mg2+混合对菲降解也起到促进作用,但没有Mn2+的促进作用明显。不加任何常量和微量金属元素离子的体系对蒽、菲、芘的降解作用仅次于含Mn2+的降解体系,加入Cu2+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe3+、Zn2+对CN2降解蒽、芘产生抑制作用,加入Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe2+、Zn2+对CN2降解菲产生促进作用。Mn2+主要是在降解过程中发挥作用的,外加不同浓度的Mn2+制备的菌悬液,对芘的降解作用基本没有差别。在制备菌悬液时加入Mn2+,菌体对Mn2+有富集作用,但Mn2+的存在与否并不影响菌体的生长繁殖状况。降解体系中加入Mn2+能够有效促进降解过程的进行,加入0.5 mmol/L的Mn2+对CN4菌株降解芘的促进作用最大,而在降解体系中一次性加入5.0 mmol/L的Mn2+则会对降解产生抑制作用。 相似文献
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87.
Alkaline and ultrasonic sludge disintegration can both be used as pretreatments of waste activated sludge (WAS) for improving the subsequent anaerobic or aerobic digestion. The pretreatment has been carried out using different combination of these two methods in this study. The effect was evaluated based on the quantity of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) in the pretreated sludge as well as the degradation of organic matter in the following aerobic digestion. For WAS samples with combined pretreatment, the released COD was in high level than those with ultrasonic or alkaline treatment. When combined with the same ultrasonic treatment, NaOH treatment resulted in more solubilization of WAS than Ca(OH)2. For combined NaOH and ultrasonic treatments with different sequences, the released COD were in the order: simultaneous treatment > ultrasonic treatment following NaOH treatment > NaOH treatment following ultrasonic treatment. For simultaneous treatment, low NaOH dosage (100 g/kg dry solid), short duration (30 min) of NaOH treatment, and low ultrasonic specific energy (7 500 kJ/kg dry solid) were beneficial for sludge disintegration. Using combined NaOH and ultrasonic pretreatment with the optimium parameters, the degradation efficiency of organic matter was increased from 38.0% to 50.7%, which is much higher than with ultrasonic (42.5%) or with NaOH pretreatment (43.5%) in the subsequent aerobic digestion at the same retention time. 相似文献
88.
WANG He JIA Yongfeng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2009,21(10):1409-1414
Accumulation of heavy metals from various oxides with adsorbed cadmium by wetland plant Phragmites australis was studied to evaluate the fate of heavy metals in the sediment of constructed wetlands. Hoagland solution was used as nutrition supply, and single metal oxide with adsorbed cadmium was applied as contaminant to study the accumulation characteristics of cadmium and the substrate metals by P. australis. After 45-d treatment, the bioaccumulation degree in root followed the order: Al(OH)3 > Al2O3 > Fe3O4 > MnO2 > FeOOH. Heavy metals absorbed by P. australis were largely immobilized by the roots with little translocation to aboveground parts. 相似文献
89.
Humic acid is an important pool of heavy metals in sediments.Generally,the presence of refractory humic matter in aquatic systems would decrease the bioavailability of Cd and hence control the bioaccumulation of Cd in benthic animals.In the present work,we applied a suspending system to determine the relative importance of particulate and dissolved fractions of humic acid as Cd sources for the bivalve Meretrix meretrix and to investigate the difference of bioaccumulation characteristics of Cd adsorbed on di... 相似文献
90.
Shaofeng Wang Yongfeng Ji Shuying Wang Xin Wang He Wang Zhixi Zhao Bingzhu Liu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2010,22(1):23-31
This work investigated the distribution and speciation of Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe and Mn in the shallow sediments of Jinzhou Bay, Northeast China, which has been heavily contaminated by nonferrous smelting activities. The concentrations of Cd, Cu and Pb in sediments were found to be 100, 13 and 7 times, respectively, being higher than the national guideline (GB 18668-2002). Sequential extraction test showed that 39%-61% of Cd were exchangeable fractions, indicating that Cd in the sediments posed a high risk to local... 相似文献