细水雾中雾滴和高温环境的热质交换研究

由雾滴的表面的组分方程和能量方程入手,探讨雾滴在静止的高温环境中的热质交换及生存时间。应用折算薄膜理论,通过特征时间的比较,提出雾滴与高温环境主要通过沸腾机制实现热质交换;考虑滴径与速度变化的耦合作用,应用数值方法研究雾滴在强迫对流环境中与高温环境的热质交换情况。结果表明:对于滴径较小的雾滴不可能达到火焰区或可燃物表面实施火焰冷却和表面冷却,其灭火作用主要依赖于汽化吸热。     

中小企业化学品职业危害预防控制指南

为了帮助中小企业控制预防控制化学品职业危害,本文详细介绍了国际劳工组织所推行的中小企业化学品职业危害控制指南,包括化学职业卫生管理的主要内容和基本步骤,关键点危险区的确定方法,改进化学品职业危害管理、实施化学品管理的良好规范、制定化学品管理行动计划和编制全面的化学品清单等方法,以达到系统提高化学品管理水平和持续改进的目标和要求.     

高危职业危害监测内涵及预警系统探讨

我国目前职业病危害形势严峻,职业卫生管理和服务模式不能适应社会发展的需求,优先管理高危职业危害,建立高危职业危害监测预警系统是控制和减少重大职业危害事故的关键.通过职业危害监测、风险评估、风险分级和预警等术语阐述高危职业危害监测的内涵,并探讨建立利用现有技术平台、重点监控、多部门合作、多层次的纵向多维监测预警系统.     

Application of MSWI fly ash on acid soil and its effect on the environment

This study evaluated the feasibility of using municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash as acid soil amendment. In particular, changes in soil physicochemical properties and the potential environmental problems caused by the application of MSWI fly ash were investigated. The results showed that application of MSWI fly ash to the acid soil could raise the soil pH. The contents of rapidly available P and K, and slowly available K in the amended soil had a linear relationship with the addition ratio of MSWI fly ash. An addition of less than 20% of MSWI could raise the soil respiratory intensity after incubation for 3-5 days. Application of MSWI fly ash to the soil increased its content of water soluble salts and heavy metals, which could cause phytotoxicity in the plants. Therefore, the addition of MSWI fly ash to the soil should not be excessive, and less than 5-10% is an advisable addition level depending on the acidity of the soil and the plants growing on it.     

预测有机化合物对水蚤EC50值的片段常数法

根据217种化合物建立了估算有机化合物对水蚤EC50值（48h半数影响浓度）的片段常数模型,分析了模型的误差及稳健性。研究结果表明,有机化合物的片段常数和结构因子与水蚤的EC50值倒数的对数（lg1/EC50)显著相关,可以根据片段常数法估算有机化合物对水蚤的EC50。模型的可决系数为0.9687,平均绝对误差0.40个对数单位,其中68.7%化合物的误差小于0.5个对数单位。     

环境气体标准样品量值的计算及不确定度分析

依据《气体分析校准气体混合物的制备重量法》（1SO6142—2001）和《气体分析气体标准样品组成的测定和校验比较法》（ISO6143—2001）,阐述了环境气体标准样品不同定值方法的量值计算及不确定度来源,并比较了同一气体标准样品采用不同定值方法得到的不同量值结果及不确定度：     

城市电子废弃物资源化管理模式构想

通过对惠州市电子废弃物收集体系组成、去向以及电子废弃物处置方式的调查,分析惠州市电子废弃物收集和处置存在的一系列问题,结合实际提出了城市电子废弃物资源化管理模式的初步构想。     

江苏省霾污染遥感监测业务化运行研究

从霾污染遥感监测业务化流程出发,选取EOS/MODIS为主要数据源,MODIS气溶胶产品及气象数据为辅,在数据预处理的基础上,利用LM-BP人工神经网络模型算法反演区域大气颗粒物浓度,分析了可获取的遥感监测指标及气象指标对霾污染的贡献率,筛选出可业务化的霾污染遥感评价指标。对2013年1月江苏省2次典型的霾污染进行了星地同步分析,从分析结果来看,霾污染遥感监测结果与地面实测结果基本一致,霾污染遥感监测可以作为地面监测的有效补充,宏观反映区域霾污染空间分布,为大气污染防治提供有力的技术支撑。     

克拉玛依市机动车污染现状调查与防治对策研究

在调查克拉玛依市机动车尾气污染的基础上,分析存在的问题,并针对性地提出城市交通污染的控制对策.     

A Spatially Explicit Model for Estimating Annual Average Loads of Nonpoint Source Nutrient at the Watershed Scale

The overloaded nonpoint source (NPS) nutrients in upper streams always result in the nutrient enrichment at lakes and estuaries downstream. As NPS pollution has become a serious environmental concern in watershed management, the information about nutrient output distribution across a watershed has been critical in the designing of regional development policies. But existing watershed evaluation models often encounter difficulties in application because of their complicated structures and strict requirements for the input data. In this paper, a spatially explicit and process-based model, Integrated Grid’s Exporting and Delivery model, was introduced to estimate annual in-stream nutrient levels. Each grid cell in this model was regarded as having potentials of both exporting new nutrients and trapping nutrients passing by. The combined nutrient dynamics of a grid is mainly determined by the grid’s features in land use/land cover, soil drainage, and geomorphology. This simple-concept model was tested at some basins in north Georgia in the USA. Stations in one basin were used to calibrate the model. Then an external validation was employed by applying the calibrated model to stations in the other neighbor basins. Model evaluation statistics implied the model’s validity and good performance in estimating the annual NPS nutrients’ fluxes at the watershed scale. This study also provides a promising prospect that in-stream annual nutrient loads can be accurately estimated from a few public available datasets.