化学腐蚀-冻融条件下加载岩石能量演化规律及耗散模型研究*

为研究在化学腐蚀和冻融循环复合作用下岩石的能量演化规律,以大理岩为研究对象,分析冻融腐蚀岩样能量演化过程,建立与强度衰减参数、pH、冻融次数相关的能量耗散模型,以期为长期服役岩石力学工程安全稳定性评价提供理论支持。研究结果表明:化学腐蚀冻融复合作用下,腐蚀孔隙为水增加了入渗通道,冻胀裂隙同时也为腐蚀溶液提供了贯穿的通道,加剧了岩石内部结构的崩解与裂隙扩展贯通;相同冻融循环次数下,HNO3溶液中的腐蚀岩石弹性模量降幅最高,NaCl溶液次之,NaOH溶液最低;腐蚀岩石弹性应变能的吸收和耗散能的释放,随着冻融循环次数的增大而减小;建立的能量耗散模型对于岩石峰后阶段耗散能具有较高的准确性,能较好地模拟岩石峰后能量转化特征。     

基于稳态模型的井下抽采主管道泄漏检测方法研究*

为准确检测煤矿井下瓦斯抽采主管道泄漏位置,提出基于稳态模型的管道泄漏检测与定位方法,采用Comsol数值模拟及地面相似实验研究压力梯度法对煤矿井下抽采管道泄漏检测与定位的可行性及准确性。研究结果表明:管道未泄漏时,管内沿线压力呈均匀分布,当管道突发泄漏时,管内压力分布呈现明显弯折现象,弯折处即为管道漏点位置,并对管道阻力计算公式进行修正,提高了检测准确性;随着管道泄漏程度的加大,湍流效应显著增强,漏点处速度、压力产生明显突变,且当其他条件恒定时,随着管道泄漏孔径的扩大,管道的漏入量越大,定位的相对误差越小;在宏岩矿开展地面相似实验,实验结果绝对误差为4.5 m,相对误差为6%;在阳煤五矿井下8421抽采巷进行现场应用,绝对误差134 m,相对误差约7.95%。     

Characterising the interactions between Cu(II) and fulvic acid subcomponents using differential fluorescence spectroscopy combined with parallel factor analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Fulvic acid (FA) consists of various organic compounds that interact with metals in the aquatic environment. Interactions between subcomponents (FA3,...     

改性GAC联合H2O2去除氨苄青霉素钠的研究

文章研究了用Fe（NO3）3NaOH改性的活性炭联合过氧化氢对水溶液中氨苄青霉素钠的处理效果．确定了它们的优化处理条件,并对两者的处理效果作了相应比较。在T=30℃,pH：3．0,青霉素初始浓度为200mg／L条件下,投加5．0g／LFe（N03）3改性活性炭和80mg/LH202,反应120min后,COD、TOC去除率分别可以达到88．5％和77．9％;在T=30℃,pH=70,青霉素200mg／L条件下,投加8．0g／LNaOH改性活性炭和80mg／LH202,反应120rain后,COD、TOC去除率分别可以达到85．2％和76．4％。     

Simulating Dissolved Organic Carbon Dynamics at the Swedish Integrated Monitoring Sites with the Integrated Catchments Model for Carbon,INCA-C

Surface water concentrations of dissolved organic carbon ([DOC]) are changing throughout the northern hemisphere due to changes in climate, land use and acid deposition. However, the relative importance of these drivers is unclear. Here, we use the Integrated Catchments model for Carbon (INCA-C) to simulate long-term (1996–2008) streamwater [DOC] at the four Swedish integrated monitoring (IM) sites. These are unmanaged headwater catchments with old-growth forests and no major changes in land use. Daily, seasonal and long-term variations in streamwater [DOC] driven by runoff, seasonal temperature and atmospheric sulfate (SO₄ ²⁻) deposition were observed at all sites. Using INCA-C, it was possible to reproduce observed patterns of variability in streamwater [DOC] at the four IM sites. Runoff was found to be the main short-term control on [DOC]. Seasonal patterns in [DOC] were controlled primarily by soil temperature. Measured SO₄ ²⁻ deposition explained some of the long-term [DOC] variability at all sites.     

Occupational exposure to synthetic musks in barbershops,compared with the common exposure in the dormitories and households

Synthetic musks (SMs) have been widely used as fragrance ingredients in personal care and sanitary commodities. Due to their high volatility and particle-binding affinity, the indoor dust is a major reservoir of SMs, and dust ingestion could be an important exposure way to special populations, such as hairdressers. In spite of the known toxicity of SMs, there is no information regarding the occurrence of SMs in barbershop dusts and the exposure of hairdressers through indoor dust ingestion. In the present study, the levels of two nitro musks and five polycyclic musks were measured from indoor dust samples collected from barbershops, and some other indoor dust samples were also collected from dormitories, bathhouses and households for comparison. The concentrations of ∑SMs in barbershop dusts were 10–100 times higher than those from the other three indoor microenvironments. Polycyclic musks accounted for 89.4% of ∑SMs on average in all samples, of which two compounds, HHCB and AHTN jointly dominated 97.9% of polycyclic musks. The levels of HHCB and AHTN varied from 12.2 to 8.39 × 10⁵ and from 13.2 to 3.49 × 10⁵ ng g⁻¹, respectively. The daily intakes (DIs) of ∑SMs through house dust ingestion were estimated using the model of high dust ingestion and worst-case exposure (P95), and the corresponding exposure rates were 2791, 135 and 727 ng d⁻¹ for the hairdressers, general population and toddlers. SMs were also detected in blood samples collected from the hairdressers and normal adults (n = 50 and 10, respectively). There was no significant difference between these two groups. Despite the absence of higher SM concentrations in hairdresser’s blood, we should not overlook the potential occupational health risks due to their high SMs ingestion rate.     

炼油废水中异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌的筛选

从炼油废水活性污泥中筛选出一株具有异养硝化-好氧反硝化能力的菌株WY6。对筛选菌株进行了生理生化实验和菌种鉴定,考察了碳源种类、培养基的m(C)∶m(N)、培养温度、初始p H及接种量对菌株硝化性能的影响;并对其NH3-N去除性能进行了考察。经鉴定,该菌为鲍曼不动杆菌,适宜的培养条件为:以丁二酸钠为碳源、培养温度30℃、初始p H 9.0、m(C)∶m(N)=10、接种量2.0%。在此条件下培养20 h,可将NH3-N质量浓度由245.46 mg/L降至9.71 mg/L,平均NH3-N去除速率为11.79 mg/(L·h)。WY6菌可在32 h内将实际炼油废水的NH3-N质量浓度由初始时的73.74 mg/L降至1.15 mg/L,NH3-N去除率达98.4%,表现出良好的应用前景。     

上海市黑臭水体整治思路、措施及典型案例分析

上海市是我国近年来城市经济发展迅速的典型代表,然而2015年上海市56.4%的河流断面为劣V类,部分水体黑臭现象严重。通过分析上海市水环境现状及城市建成区黑臭水体的分布特征,阐述了导致上海市城市水体黑臭的主要原因,并根据已采取的治理措施评估了上海市黑臭水体整治成效。在此基础上,以苏州河、春申港和夏长浦为典型案例,分析了上海市在黑臭水体整治方面的成功经验,以期为南方水系发达城市黑臭水体治理提供借鉴和参考。     

玉米芯为碳源铁屑协同生物麦饭石活化颗粒的硫酸盐还原动力学及其锰离子响应实验

利用聚乙烯醇和饱和硼酸,添加30%SRB污泥、5%玉米芯、2%铁屑和3%麦饭石包埋制备内聚营养源的SRB固定颗粒,将完全活化的SRB颗粒作为研究对象,探究活化颗粒对SO42-反应动力学过程及其对高浓度Mn2+离子响应机制。结果表明:活化颗粒还原SO42-的过程符合一级动力学模型,最大还原速率为94.88 mg/(L·h);高浓度Mn2+可抑制活化颗粒的pH提升能力,延缓碳源的水解速率及SO42-的还原速率,而不会抑制水解过程并延长缓滞期,更不能降低最终去除效果。可见,以玉米芯为碳源的铁屑协同生物麦饭石颗粒处理煤矿酸性废水是有效并可行性的。     

Soil-to-plant halogens transfer studies 1. Root uptake of radioiodine by plants

Long-term controlled experiments under natural conditions in the field have been carried out in the Chernobyl Exclusion zone in order to determine the parameters governing radioiodine transfer to plants from four types of soils (podzoluvisol, greyzem and typical and meadow chernozem) homogeneously contaminated in the 20-cm upper layer with an addition of (125)I. An absence of (125)I depletion in arable soil layers due to volatilization was noted up to one year after contamination. During one year, depletion due to the vertical migration of radioiodine from the arable layer of each of the soils did not exceed 4% of the total (125)I content. Radioiodine concentration ratios (CR) were obtained in radish roots, lettuce leaves, bean pods, and wheat grain and straw. The highest CR values were observed in podzoluvisol: 0.01-0.03 for radish roots and lettuce leaves, 0.003-0.004 for bean pods and 0.001 for wheat grains. In the other three soils, these values were one order of magnitude lower. The parameters relating to changes in radioiodine bioavailability were determined, based on the contamination dynamics of plants in field conditions.