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41.
Thallium is a scarce, highly toxic element. There are several investigations that report Tl accumulation in plants of the family Brassicaceae. These plants could pose a risk in areas where Tl is present at higher concentrations than normal soils. The present study reports analyses of two wild Brassicaceae, Hirschfeldia incana and Diplotaxis catholica, growing spontaneously at five sampling sites moderately polluted with Tl and other trace elements in the Green Corridor of the Guadiamar river, Seville, S. Spain. In general, trace element content was unremarkable in all part plants, despite the concentrations present in soil. Thallium was the only element whose concentration in both plant species was above normal for plants (maximum values of 5.00 mgkg(-1) in H. incana flowers). There were significant positive correlations between total Tl in soil and Tl in both plant species. Transfer Coefficients (TC) for all elements were, in general, <1 for both species, except for Tl in flowers and fruits at some sites. The highest Enrichment Factor (EF) was found for Tl in H. incana fruits (EF = 607) and D. catholica flowers (EF = 321). H. incana was studied in a previous growing season (2004) in the same area, although the rainfall was 3 times more than in the year of the present study (2005), giving a maximum Tl content of 46.5 mgkg(-1) in H. incana flowers. The data presented here show that Tl content of plants growing in semi-arid conditions can be significantly influenced by precipitation. In dry years, plant Tl accumulation may be significantly reduced. 相似文献
42.
Natalia Naranjo-Guevara Maria Fernanda G. V. Peñaflor Milton F. Cabezas-Guerrero José Maurício S. Bento 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2017,104(9-10):77
Numerous studies have demonstrated that entomophagous arthropods use herbivore-induced plant volatile (HIPV) blends to search for their prey or host. However, no study has yet focused on the response of nocturnal predators to volatile blends emitted by prey damaged plants. We investigated the olfactory behavioral responses of the night-active generalist predatory earwig Doru luteipes Scudder (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) to diurnal and nocturnal volatile blends emitted by maize plants (Zea mays) attacked by either a stem borer (Diatraea saccharalis) or a leaf-chewing caterpillar (Spodoptera frugiperda), both suitable lepidopteran prey. Additionally, we examined whether the earwig preferred odors emitted from short- or long-term damaged maize. We first determined the earwig diel foraging rhythm and confirmed that D. luteipes is a nocturnal predator. Olfactometer assays showed that during the day, although the earwigs were walking actively, they did not discriminate the volatiles of undamaged maize plants from those of herbivore damaged maize plants. In contrast, at night, earwigs preferred volatiles emitted by maize plants attacked by D. saccharalis or S. frugiperda over undamaged plants and short- over long-term damaged maize. Our GC-MS analysis revealed that short-term damaged nocturnal plant volatile blends were comprised mainly of fatty acid derivatives (i.e., green leaf volatiles), while the long-term damaged plant volatile blend contained mostly terpenoids. We also observed distinct volatile blend composition emitted by maize damaged by the different caterpillars. Our results showed that D. luteipes innately uses nocturnal herbivore-induced plant volatiles to search for prey. Moreover, the attraction of the earwig to short-term damaged plants is likely mediated by fatty acid derivatives. 相似文献
43.
The exotic trees Ailanthus altissima,
Robinia pseudoacacia, Acer negundo and Elaeagnus angustifolia coexist with the native trees Fraxinus angustifolia and Ulmus minor in river banks of central Spain. Similarly, the exotic trees Acacia dealbata and Eucalyptus globulus co-occur with the natives Quercus pyrenaica and Pinus pinaster in Northwest Spain. We aimed to identify the environmental conditions that favour or hamper the establishment success of
these species. In spring 2008, seeds of the studied species were sown under an experimental gradient of light (100, 65, 35,
7% of full sunlight) combined with three levels of soil moisture (mean soil water potential = −0.97, −1.52 and −1.77 MPa.).
During the first growing season we monitored seed emergence and seedling survival. We found that the effect of light on the
establishment success was stronger than the effect of soil moisture. Both exotic and native species of central Spain showed
a good performance under high light, A. negundo being the most shade tolerant. Water shortage diminished E. angustifolia and A. altissima success. Among NW Spain species, A. dealbata and P. pinaster were found to be potential competitors for colonizing high-irradiance scenarios, while Q. pyrenaica and E. globulus were more successful under moderate shade. High soil moisture favoured E. globulus but not A. dealbata establishment. These results contribute to understand some of the factors controlling for spatial segregation between coexisting
native and exotic tree species, and can help to take decisions orientated to the control and management of these exotic species. 相似文献
44.
Fatima Khasaeva Natalia Vasilyuk Petr Terentyev Maria Troshina Albert T. Lebedev 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2011,9(3):439-445
Environmental pollution has become one of the most crucial problems of the modern society. Pyridine and its derivatives are
one of the most widespread classes of heterocyclic industrial contaminants. Due to rather tough safe levels, thorough purification
of the waste waters containing these ecotoxicants is required. However the existing chemical methods are not efficient. On
the contrary, microbiological approach seems quite promising. A new strain degrading alkylpyridines was isolated from the
soil contaminated with pyridine containing wastes. The strain was identified as Arthrobacter sp. KM-4 (VKM Ac-1098D). The strain completely consumes pyridine (2.5 g/l), 2-methylpyridine (2.5 g/l), 4-methylpyridine
(1.5 g/l) and 2,6-dimethylpyridine (3 g/l) in aquatic solutions in 24 h. The intermediate products of the biodegradation process
were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Degradation schemes were proposed for pyridine and 2-methylpyridine.
Previously unknown pathway of pyridines microbial degradation via intermediate formation of pyrrolidines was reliably proved
by mass spectra and following synthesis of the identified compounds. New culture significantly surpasses all the known strains
in the pyridines’ degrading efficiency. Arthrobacter sp. KM-4 is a promising culture for application for the purification of waste water. 相似文献
45.
46.
Belyanovskaya Alexandra Soktoev Bulat Laratte Bertrand Ageeva Elena Baranovskaya Natalia Korogod Natalia 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(58):87281-87297
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The research paper is aimed to modify the human health impact assessment of Cr in soils. The current article presents the input of several critical... 相似文献
47.
本文集中在横向分析近期波兰儿童铅暴露和铅暴露增加背后的社会经济因素。在上西里西亚工业区,铅是分布最广泛的有毒重金属之一。儿童血铅水平升高关系儿童幸福,不断引起严重关切。本研究涉及在1999 - 2013年间,上西里西亚地区3岁到18岁的4 882名儿童。记录了每一个孩子血液中铅的浓度。孩子的父母被要求回答关于儿童接触铅的环境和家庭社会经济条件的问卷调查。铅暴露增加的因素包括:父母受教育程度较低,父母失业、父母的职业铅暴,家庭的贫穷社会经济地位,在家吸烟,生活在建筑物底层,食用本地种植的蔬菜和水果,在污染环境中长期进行户外活动和男性性别。铅的环境暴露仍然是导致上西里西亚地区儿童慢性铅中毒的主要因素。与儿童血铅浓度关系最大的社会经济因素是儿童父母的低教育水平。
精选自Wojciech Pelc, Natalia Pawlas, Micha? Dobrakowski, S?awomir Kasperczyk. Environmental and socioeconomic factors contributing to elevated blood lead levels in children from industrial area of Upper Silesia. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: Volume 35, Issue 10, pages 2597–2603, October 2016.
DOI: 10.1002/etc.3429
详情请见http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/etc.3429/full 相似文献
48.
Feedlots produce a range of trace chemicals that impact human health and/or the environment. The most widely used growth promoter in intensive cattle production in Argentina is monensin, an ionophore polyether with antibacterial and coccidiostatic activity. Several beef cattle feedlots with different management systems, weather conditions, feed types and feedbunk types were selected in different agro-ecological areas of Argentina. Monensin concentrations in samples of pen soil, manure, feed and runoff were analysed. The monensin concentrations measured in soil samples suggest a strong dependence on the type of feed employed in the facility. During feed distribution by trucks to the feedbunks, some feed can reach the soil, thereby increasing the soil monensin concentration close to the feedbunks. The wide range of monensin concentrations detected in manure samples could be explained by the rapid degradation of monensin in the manure matrix. Monensin levels in runoff samples indicated that the distribution of monensin in the environment could be governed by surface phenomena including horizontal movement and adsorption of monensin in particulate material present in the runoff layers. This is the first study of monensin distribution in Argentinian feedlots and serves as the starting point for more sustainable and environmentally friendly feedlot management. 相似文献
49.
Natalia Demchenko Irina Chubarenko GertJan van Heijst 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2012,12(2):161-183
The thermal bar—a hydrodynamic phenomenon, arising in natural basins due to successive changes of the water temperature across
the temperature of maximum density (Tm, which is close to 4°C)—has been studied in laboratory experiments and by numerical simulations. The experiments were performed
in a rectangular tank with an inclined bottom, filled with water with initial temperature T0 < Tm and then heated at the surface. During the heating a basin-wide circulation develops, consisting of down-slope cascades in
regions where T < Tm, a subsurface off-shore jet in the region where T > Tm, and a compensating flow at intermediate depths towards the shallow part of the tank, supplying both off-shore flows with
waters from deeper regions. Analysis of the water temperature and density fields as well as the currents has revealed that
the location of the convergence zone of the surface current (when formed) does not coincide with that of the Tm-isotherm.
The thermal bar front is typically understood as a convergence zone near the 4°C-isotherm, formed due to the effect of cabbeling.
Our experiments demonstrate, however, that the front is associated with the leading edge of the subsurface current. The increasing
distance between the 4°C-isotherm and the subsurface jet has been recorded in the laboratory experiments. Numerical simulation
results corroborate the laboratory experiments. A scaling analysis predicts the speed of propagation of this frontal zone
to be U ~ [g × Δρ/ρ × H]1/2, where H is the depth (increasing with time) of the upper thermo-active layer, ρ0 a reference density, and Δρ is the characteristic horizontal density difference across the front. A combined analysis of
laboratory, field and numerical data has corroborated this law. 相似文献
50.
Bioavailability and accumulation of trace elements in soils and plants of a highly contaminated estuary (Domingo Rubio tidal channel,SW Spain) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Madejón P Burgos P Murillo JM Cabrera F Madejón E 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2009,31(6):629-642
The Domingo Rubio tidal channel (Palos de la Frontera, Huelva, Spain) is an estuary located in the mouth of the Tinto River.
The estuary is affected by different sources of pollution (waters of the Tinto River, contaminated with trace elements from
the Iberian Pyrite belt, and effluent from the Huelva chemical industrial area). Soil and the most frequent plant species
were collected in 2004 and 2006 at six different locations on the estuary. In general, N-Kjedahl, Total Organic Carbon values,
salinity and contamination (total trace elements up to 1,000 mg kg−1 As, 6 mg kg−1 Cd, 2,500 mg kg−1 Cu, 1,900 mg kg−1 Pb and 1,300 mg kg−1 Zn) tended to increase downstream of the tidal channel. Soil biochemical properties were not negatively affected either by
the high salinity or by trace element contamination. Despite the high values of the trace elements, analysed plant samples
showed that Cu was the only metal that could be a serious risk for the food chain. 相似文献