农药杀虫单的稻田流失规律研究

通过测坑、人工降雨等手段，对水溶性农药杀虫单的稻田消解动态、渗漏流失和径流流失等进行了研究。结果表明，(1)无水稻时，杀虫单在稻田水中消解的半衰期为0．76d；分蘖初期，杀虫单在稻田水中降解的半衰期为1．02d；平均为0．89d。(2)杀虫单的渗漏流失量在用药后8d内可达总用药量的7％—10％，平均为8．48％。(3)极端情况下，用药当天如果遇暴雨(50mm雨量)，杀虫单的径流流失量将达到用药量的30％左右。杀虫单的渗漏损失不可避免，故其流失控制应从径流损失着手，尽量避免在可能有暴雨的当天或雨前1—2d用药。     

饮用水中铝的萃取-高效液相色谱分析

拟定了金属配合物的萃取 -高效液相色谱法。Al与 8-羟基喹啉反应生成的黄色配合物 ,用氯仿萃取 ,在C8烷基键合固定相上 ,以甲醇 -乙酸乙酯 -水 (体积比 4 0 :2 0 :4 0 )为流动相 ,于波长390nm处测定饮用水中总Al的含量 ( 2 0 -70 0 μg/L)。对萃取条件和萃取百分率 ,色谱分离条件进行了研究 ,讨论了测定的灵敏度、选择性和重现性。     

长炼第二污水处理场氧化沟工艺运行小结

臭伯尔氧化沟池容大，停留时间长，运行稳定，对氧化沟污泥培养及开工运行进行了小结，并结合运行过程中的几个问题进行了分析和探讨。     

人工神经元网络对水处理系统建模适应性的研究

针对水处理系统的特点和研究中的难点，引入人工神经元网络的理论和思想，提出了水处理系统的神经网络分析方法．通过建立基于ＢＰ人工神经元网络的臭氧生物活性炭系统的模型，具体地考察了人工神经元网络对水处理系统建模的适应性，使水处理系统的研究迈向智能化和控制化．     

黄河下游堤防地质信息管理及安全评价系统（LHEGIS）开发

在对黄河下游堤防地质信息分析的基础上，根据系统需求，建立了黄河下游工程地质灾安评价系统。该系统将数据库管理和图形管理系统有机结合，不仅实现了数据库的输入，输出，统计分析，以及其与图形属性库之间的转换与管理，而且实现了信息的空间查询，空间分析，图形编辑，输出和图形管理，系统同时提供堤岸稳定性评价的方法和其它实有工具，为黄河下游堤防安全管理和规划提供了辅助决策工具。本文主要从系统功能需求分析，设计原则和开发方法，系统基本框架，及开发实施等五个方面，对系统开发进行了较详细地介绍。     

湖泊、水库水的强化混凝除藻的试验研究

就高锰酸钾复合药剂强化混凝对湖泊、水库水中藻类的去除进行了研究，试验表明：投加一定量的高锰酸钾复合药剂可显著提高水中藻类的去除率。将经与预氯化、预投加高锰酸钾除藻工艺进行比较，表明高锰 酸钾复合药剂强化混凝除藻效率明显优于传统预氯化、预投加高锰酸钾除藻工艺。     

Evaluation of the biodegradability of copolyesters containing aromatic compounds by investigations of model oligomers

Model oligo esters of terephthalic acid with 1,2-ethanediol, 1,3-propanediol, and 1,4-butanediol have been investigated with regard to their biodegradability in different biological environments. Well-characterized oligomers with weight-average molar masses of from 600 to 2600 g/mol exhibit biodegradation in aqueous systems, soil, and compost at 60°C. SEC investigations showed a fast biological degradation of the oligomer fraction consisting of 1 or 2 repeating units, independent of the diol component used for polycondensation, while polyester oligomers with degrees of polymerization higher than 2 were stable against microbial attack at room temperature in a time frame of 2 months. At 60°C in a compost environment chemical hydrolysis also degrades chains longer than two repeating units, resulting in enhanced degradability of the oligomers. Metabolization of the monomers and the dimers as well by the microorganisms could be confirmed by comparing SEC measurements and carbon balances in a Sturm test experiment. Based on these results degradation characteristics of potential oligomer intermediates resulting from a primary chain scission from copolyesters consisting of aromatic and aliphatic dicarbonic acids can be predicted depending on their composition. These results will have an evident influence on the evaluation of the biodegradability of commercially interesting copolyesters and lead to new ways of tailor-made designing of new biodegradable materials as well.     

Control of ammonia toxicity to Hyalella azteca by sodium, potassium and pH

The toxicity of ammonia to Hyalella azteca at constant pH in artificial media was controlled by sodium and potassium, and not by calcium, magnesium, or anions. Small increases in the LC50 for total ammonia (from 0.15 to 0.5 mM) occurred as sodium was increased from 0.1 to 1 mM and above, but major increases in the LC50 (to over 10 mM total ammonia) required the addition of potassium. Potassium was, however, more effective at reducing ammonia toxicity at high (1 mM) sodium than at low (0.1 mM) sodium. Ammonia toxicity was independent of pH at low sodium and potassium concentrations, when ammonia toxicity appeared to be associated primarily with aqueous ammonium ion concentrations. At high sodium and potassium concentrations, the toxicity of ammonia was reduced to the point where un-ionized ammonia concentrations also affected toxicity, and the LC50 became pH dependent. A mathematical model was produced for predicting ammonia toxicity from sodium and potassium concentrations and pH.     

森林火险的序贯分析初探

本文利用森林着火危险度指标属于正态分布的特点,根据正态型序贯分析的原理,提出了确定林火危险性的序贯分析方法;建立了长白山林区5个站点森林火险的“安全域”与“危险域”的模型;并以东岗(长白山西坡)为例,作了正态型序贯分析全过程的应用示例。结果证明,利用正态型序贯分析来确定林火的等级是可行的、可靠的,具有实用价值。