微生物降解前后COD差值法快速测定BOD

采用活性污泥曝气法降解前后COD差值的方法,进行了BOD快速检测的研究。条件实验结果表明,其适宜检测条件为:降解时间180 min;污泥量5 mL/100 mL;pH值7.0;温度25℃。模拟废水检测结果表明,该测定方法具有较高的重复性,5次测定的相对偏差小于6.5%,在BOD浓度为0~500 mg/L范围内,微生物降解前后COD差值与BOD5有良好的相关性,其相关系数达到0.98。因此,可以通过测定微生物降解前后COD值,实现快速BOD检测的目的,同时,也可实现COD和BOD一体化检测,这将是今后COD和BOD检测研究的发展方向之一。     

餐厨垃圾两相厌氧发酵产甲烷相恶臭排放规律

为了研究餐厨垃圾两相厌氧发酵产甲烷相恶臭排放规律,在中温(35℃)条件下,以餐厨垃圾为发酵底物进行中试规模的两相连续式厌氧发酵试验,并对一个周期内不同时间段产甲烷相产生的气体进行采样,分析其臭气浓度和物质浓度,结合各组分的阈稀释倍数,筛选出主要的恶臭污染物。结果表明,在发酵系统稳定运行阶段,产甲烷相产生的臭气浓度较大,都在23万以上;产甲烷相产生的恶臭物质主要包括硫化物、萜烯类、含氧类和芳烃类四类化合物,其中质量浓度最高的恶臭物质是硫化氢,超过了150 mg/m3;产甲烷相的主要致臭物质是硫化物,其中贡献最大的是硫化氢,其阈稀释倍数都在26万以上,其次为乙硫醇﹥甲硫醇﹥乙硫醚,这3种物质的阈稀释倍数都在4 000以上;除了这4种硫化物,丁醛对恶臭的贡献也比较大,其阈稀释倍数也在4 000以上。     

镁铝水滑石及焙烧产物去除水中的天然有机物

为有效去除饮用水中天然有机物,提高水处理效果,本研究对比分析了合成镁铝水滑石及其在200℃、500℃和800℃下的焙烧产物对腐植酸、富里酸在不同pH与温度影响下的吸附去除性能及机理。结果表明,吸附效果有明显的差别,吸附不是简单单分子层物理吸附,存在一定程度的化学作用机理。其中500℃焙烧产物对腐殖酸与富里酸的吸附效果最好,对HA与FA的最大吸附量分别为105.2 mg/g和100.3 mg/g。     

添加外源纤维素酶对水稻秸秆模拟堆肥过程的影响

利用水稻秸秆模拟堆肥,对纤维素、半纤维素质量分数及堆肥相关指标随添加外源纤维素酶的变化进行研究。结果表明,与不加酶堆肥相比,添加外源纤维素酶显著提高了水稻秸秆纤维素及半纤维素的降解率,其降解趋势均可用一阶指数衰减方程拟合;堆肥结束时,添加纤维素酶处理的堆肥纤维素质量分数较不加酶处理低35.1%。纤维素酶促进了堆肥中腐殖酸的合成,提高了堆肥中的铵态氮(NO3-N)、硝态氮(NH4-N)及全氮(TN)的质量分数,并导致堆肥中碳素质量分数下降,C/N质量比下降了23.1%;添加纤维素酶进一步降低了堆肥的生物毒性,使得发芽指数提高了10.3%。外源添加纤维素酶加快了水稻秸秆堆肥的腐熟进程。     

A numerical investigation of fluid-structure coupling of 3 MW wind turbine blades

In this paper, computational modeling is created for 3 MW wind turbine blade using the software Solidworks, and the computations are carried out using Workbench for the fluid–structure interaction of blades due to both the rated and the extreme wind load. The methods developed are applied to the simulation of the NREL Phase VI wind turbine blades, and validation against published data is presented. Moreover, the static structural analysis for wind turbine rotor is performed using Mechanical APDL. The results show that the maximum values of stress reach 458 MPa and 76.9 MPa due to the rated and extreme wind load, respectively, which are lower than 78.3 MPa, the flexural strength of Swancor 2511-A epoxy resin for blade material.     

Demonstration of a high throughput on-board hydrogen generation reactor system using aluminum coil as fuel for a vehicle

A novel on-board hydrogen generation concept using Al coil with NaOH was investigated. The reaction rate was successfully controlled by introducing a pumping system for the NaOH solution. The time for the flow to develop fully was mainly dependent on the solution temperature, and the fastest start time recorded was 60 sec at a solution temperature of 70°C. The maximum H₂ generation rate was 200 L min^–1 with a prototype design of the on-board hydrogen generation system 1/8 times the size of a full-size reactor. The H₂ generation process coupled with the solution pumping system was simulated with three-dimensional fluid dynamic software, and the calculated H₂ flow and temperature rise of the system were validated with experimental data.     

Design and characterization of human exposure to generated sulfate and soot particles in a pilot chamber study

A number of literatures have documented adverse health effects of exposure to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), and secondary sulfate aerosol and black carbon may contribute to health impacts of PM_2.5 exposure. We designed an exposure system to generate sulfate and traffic soot particles, and assessed the feasibility of using it for human exposure assessment in a pilot human exposure study. In the designed exposure system, average mass concentrations of generated sulfate and soot particles were 74.19μg/m³ and 11.54μg/m³ in the chamber and did not vary significantly during two-hour human exposure sessions. The size ranges of generated sulfate were largely between 20 to 200 nm, whereas those of generated soot particles were in the size ranges of 50 to 200nm. Following two-hour exposure to generated sulfate and soot particles, we observed significant increases in fractional exhaled NO (FeNO) in young and health subjects. Building on established human exposure system and health response follow-up methods, future full-scale studies focusing on the effects of mixed particulates and individual PM_2.5 components would provide data in understanding the underpinning cardio-respiratory outcomes in relation to air pollution mixture exposure.

Implications: Controlled exposure is a useful design to measure the biological responses repeatedly following particulate exposures of target components and set exposure at target levels of health concerns. Our study provides rational and establishes method for future full-scale studies to focus on examining the effects of mixed particulates and individual PM_2.5 components.     

Chemometric approach to evaluate element distribution in muscle,liver and fish bone of roach (Rutilus rutilus), silver bream (Blicca bjoerkna) and crucian carp (Carassius carassius) from Swarzędzkie Lake (Poland) using ICP-MS and FIAS-CVAAS techniques

The content of elements in fish tissues and organs from Swarz?dzkie Lake was investigated in order to evaluate the possible risk associated with their consumption by animals as well as humans. Samples of muscle, liver and fish bone of three fish species; roach (Rutilus rutilus), silver bream (Blicca bjoerkna) and crucian carp (Carassius carassius) were collected from seine catches undertaken as part of the biomanipulation of Swarz?dzkie Lake. Element concentration (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn) was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), with the exception of Hg where the flow injection analysis system cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry (FIAS-CVAAS) was applied. The study indicated a large variation in the occurrence of the investigated elements in different parts of the fish body. The highest content of Al and Zn was stated in all fish organs for each fish species. The majority of the applied statistical and chemometric methods (e.g., PCA, CA) refer to roach since we had a large number of data for this species. The obtained results were assessed in terms of their accuracy and precision using certified reference material of Fish Muscle ERM BB422.     

Determinants of homeowners' attitudes to the installation of high-voltage overhead transmission lines

This article deals comprehensively with factors which influence attitudes to the placement of high-voltage overhead transmission lines (HVOTLs). It employs an analytical schema which links the initial stimulus of the power lines' proposal in an area to Background and Socio-economic independent variables and a set of mediating variables. From a survey of 600 residents in three different domiciliary settings in Queensland, Australia, results indicate an absence of positive attitudes and, at best, neutral ones to HVOTL placement. By multinomial logistic regression, the study probes the grounds behind negativity and extreme negativity, uncovering direct links between these attitudes and certain of the variables included in the analytical schema.     

铁铈钛复合氧化物催化剂的制备及其选择性催化还原NO的性能

采用共沉淀法制备了一种新型催化剂——铁铈钛复合氧化物催化剂,研究了Fe掺加量、体积空速以及H2O和SO2的加入对其选择性催化还原NO性能的影响;采用XRD和SEM等手段对催化剂的结构和形貌进行了表征。表征结果显示,Fe的掺加使催化剂表面的颗粒更均匀,提高了催化剂的分散度。实验结果表明：以Ce（NO3）3,Fe（NO3）3?9H2O,TiOSO4?2H2O为原料、按n（Ce）∶n（Fe）∶n（Ti）=0.2∶0.8∶1配比制得的Ce0.2Fe0.8TiOx为催化剂,在反应温度250 ℃、反应时间3 h、体积空速25 000 h-1的条件下,NO去除率为99.8%,N2选择性为100%;Fe的掺加显著提高了Ce0.2Fe0.8TiOx催化剂的抗H2O和SO2的能力。