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排序方式: 共有94条查询结果,搜索用时 109 毫秒
61.
Björklund Blom L Morrison GM Segura Roux M Mills G Greenwood R 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2003,5(3):404-409
A cellulose acetate membrane, positioned in a passive sampler system, was coated with the perfluorinated polymer Nafion. Aqueous metal transport through the membrane and the Nafion film was investigated. The Nafion-coated membrane prevents the transport of metals bound to natural organic material to the receiving phase in the passive sampler, while copper associated with small synthetic ligands pass through the Nafion film. Increasing thickness of the Nafion film decreases the metal uptake rate to the receiving phase in the passive sampler and increases the response time. A decreased response time for the passive sampler would provide a better estimation of rapid changes in concentration, particularly for dynamic aquatic systems such as urban runoff. Limited biofouling protection with the Nafion coating was demonstrated by growth inhibition of natural periphyton communities on glass surfaces. 相似文献
62.
Bjørn Kløve Pertti Ala-aho Guillaume Bertrand Zuzana Boukalova Ali Ertürk Nico Goldscheider Jari Ilmonen Nusret Karakaya Hans Kupfersberger Jens Kvœrner Angela Lundberg Marta Mileusni? Agnieszka Moszczynska Timo Muotka Elena Preda Pekka Rossi Dmytro Siergieiev Josef Šimek Przemys?aw Wachniew Vadineanu Angheluta Anders Widerlund 《Environmental Science & Policy》2011,14(7):770-781
Groundwater dependent ecosystems (GDEs) include valuable ecosystems such as springs, wetlands, rivers, lakes and lagoons. The protection of these systems and services they provide is highlighted by international agreements, i.e. Ramsar convention on wetlands, and regional legislation, i.e. the European Water Framework Directive. Groundwater provides water, nutrients and a relatively stable temperature. However, the role of groundwater in surface ecosystems is not fully understood. The ecosystem can depend on groundwater directly or indirectly, and the reliance can be continuous, seasonal or occasional. This has implications for the vulnerability of ecosystems, as some may be easily affected by external pressure. Conceptual models and quantitative assessments of how groundwater interacts with the environment are needed. GDEs are also threatened by different land use activities and climate change. Hence, we need to understand how GDEs are affected by changes in groundwater quantity and quality, as severe groundwater changes have been observed in many regions. This study examines key aspects of GDEs (hydrogeology, geochemistry and biodiversity) in order to improve conceptual understanding of the role of groundwater in such ecosystems. The status and baseline of different types of GDEs are discussed, with particular emphasis on past evidence of environmental change and potential thresholds and threats in GDEs in various parts of Europe with different land use, climate and geology. 相似文献
63.
Groundwater dependent ecosystems. Part II. Ecosystem services and management in Europe under risk of climate change and land use intensification 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bjørn Kløve Andrew Allan Guillaume Bertrand Elzbieta Druzynska Ali Ertürk Nico Goldscheider Sarah Henry Nusret Karakaya Timo P. Karjalainen Phoebe Koundouri Hans Kupfersberger Jens Kvœrner Angela Lundberg Timo Muotka Elena Preda Manuel Pulido-Velazquez Peter Schipper 《Environmental Science & Policy》2011,14(7):782-793
Groundwater in sufficient amounts and of suitable quality is essential for potable water supplies, crop irrigation and healthy habitats for plant and animal biocenoses. The groundwater resource is currently under severe pressure from land use and pollution and there is evidence of dramatic changes in aquifer resources in Europe and elsewhere, despite numerous policy measures on sustainable use and protection of groundwater. Little is known about how such changes affect groundwater dependent ecosystems (GDEs), which include various aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems above ground and inside the aquifer. Future management must take this uncertainty into account. This paper focuses on multiple aspects of groundwater science, policy and sustainable management. Examples of current management methods and practices are presented for selected aquifers in Europe and an assessment is made of the effectiveness of existing policies such as the European Water Framework Directive and the Habitat Directive in practice and of how groundwaters and GDEs are managed in various conditions. The paper highlights a number of issues that should be considered in an integrated and holistic approach to future management of groundwater and its dependent ecosystems. 相似文献
64.
Post‐disaster resettlement narratives encapsulate the complex mobile–spatial processes that are embedded in a post‐disaster context. The existing literature on disaster relocation and resettlement accords primacy to the logistical, practical, structural, and physical dimensions of residential transitioning. Building on this knowledge, this study conducted a spatial narrative inquiry to generate a link to mobile–spatial realities interspersed in diverse temporal trajectories. It did so by tracking the embodied rhythms of people and objects evoked through the retelling of post‐disaster resettlement stories by 12 young Filipino women informal settlers. The key findings are organised in three spatial narratives: ‘house near the sea'; ‘there at the bunkhouse'; and ‘here in Ridgeview'. These narratives are anchored in the overarching dimensions that underpin Filipino informal settlers’ experiences of (not) moving in and out of disaster resettlement areas. Lastly, the findings are explained in the light of the theoretical, empirical, and practical implications of disaster resettlement specific to informal settlers. 相似文献
65.
Dennis Sprenger Rolanda Lange Nico K. Michiels Nils Anthes 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2009,63(6):953-958
Intraspecific variation in mating behavior is widespread among simultaneous hermaphrodites but its underlying sources remain
largely unexplored. In the sea slug Chelidonura sandrana, most matings are reciprocal. However, despite non-conditional sperm exchange and potential polygamy-mediated benefits, 30%
of matings end after unilateral insemination. To resolve this apparent inconsistency, we here investigated the effect of body
size on the frequency of reciprocal matings by testing the following two hypotheses. First, sex-allocation theory predicts
that the likelihood of reciprocity depends on the size difference between mating partners. Second, if both sex functions temporally
differ in reaching maturity, reciprocal matings should be more frequent with increasing absolute body size of the smaller
partner. The likelihood of reciprocity increased with body size of the smaller partner. Moreover, smaller individuals acted
more often as males among unilateral matings. These findings suggest that the ability to donate sperm develops prior to female
functionality in C. sandrana. 相似文献
66.
67.
From Bathymetry to Bioshields: A Review of Post-Tsunami Ecological Research in India and its Implications for Policy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nibedita Mukherjee Farid Dahdouh-Guebas Vena Kapoor Rohan Arthur Nico Koedam Aarthi Sridhar Kartik Shanker 《Environmental management》2010,46(3):329-339
More than half a decade has passed since the December 26th 2004 tsunami hit the Indian coast leaving a trail of ecological,
economic and human destruction in its wake. We reviewed the coastal ecological research carried out in India in the light
of the tsunami. In addition, we also briefly reviewed the ecological research in other tsunami affected countries in Asia
namely Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Thailand and Maldives in order to provide a broader perspective of ecological research after
tsunami. A basic search in ISI Web of Knowledge using keywords “tsunami” and “India” resulted in 127 peer reviewed journal
articles, of which 39 articles were pertaining to ecological sciences. In comparison, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Thailand and Maldives
had, respectively, eight, four, 21 and two articles pertaining to ecology. In India, bioshields received the major share of
scientific interest (14 out of 39) while only one study (each) was dedicated to corals, seagrasses, seaweeds and meiofauna,
pointing to the paucity of research attention dedicated to these critical ecosystems. We noted that very few interdisciplinary
studies looked at linkages between pure/applied sciences and the social sciences in India. In addition, there appears to be
little correlation between the limited research that was done and its influence on policy in India. This review points to
gap areas in ecological research in India and highlights the lessons learnt from research in other tsunami-affected countries.
It also provides guidance on the links between science and policy that are required for effective coastal zone management. 相似文献
68.
Mangimbulude JC van Breukelen BM Krave AS van Straalen NM Röling WF 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2009,29(2):829-838
Open waste dump systems are still widely used in Indonesia. The Jatibarang landfill receives 650-700 tons of municipal waste per day from the city of Semarang, Central Java. Some of the leachate from the landfill flows via several natural and collection ponds to a nearby river. The objectives of the study were to identify seasonal landfill leachate characteristics in this surface water and to determine the occurrence of natural attenuation, in particular the potential for biodegradation, along the flow path. Monthly measurements of general landfill leachate parameters, organic matter-related factors and redox-related components revealed that leachate composition was influenced by seasonal precipitation. In the dry season, electrical conductivity and concentrations of BOD, COD, N-organic matter, ammonia, sulphate and calcium were significantly higher (1.1-2.3 fold) than during the wet season. Dilution was the major natural attenuation process acting on leachate. Heavy metals had the highest impact on river water quality. Between the landfill and the river, a fivefold dilution occurred during the dry season due to active springwater infiltration, while rainwater led to a twofold dilution in the wet season. Residence time of leachate in the surface leachate collection system was less than 70 days. Field measurements and laboratory experiments showed that during this period hardly any biodegradation of organic matter and ammonia occurred (less than 25%). However, the potential for biodegradation of organic matter and ammonia was clearly revealed during 700 days of incubation of leachate in the laboratory (over 65%). If the residence time of leachate discharge can be increased to allow for biodegradation processes and precipitation reactions, the polluting effects of leachate on the river can be diminished. 相似文献
69.
Poté J Goldscheider N Haller L Zopfi J Khajehnouri F Wildi W 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2009,154(1-4):337-348
The origin and distribution of microbial contamination in Lake Geneva's most polluted bay were assessed using faecal indicator bacteria (FIB). The lake is used as drinking water, for recreation and fishing. During 1 year, water samples were taken at 23 points in the bay and three contamination sources: a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), a river and a storm water outlet. Analyses included Escherichia coli, enterococci (ENT), total coliforms (TC), and heterotrophic plate counts (HPC). E. coli input flux rates from the WWTP can reach 2.5 x 10(10) CFU/s; those from the river are one to three orders of magnitude lower. Different pathogenic Salmonella serotypes were identified in water from these sources. FIB levels in the bay are highly variable. Results demonstrate that (1) the WWTP outlet at 30 m depth impacts near-surface water quality during holomixis in winter; (2) when the lake is stratified, the effluent water is generally trapped below the thermocline; (3) during major floods, upwelling across the thermocline may occur; (4) the river permanently contributes to contamination, mainly near the river mouth and during floods, when the storm water outlet contributes additionally; (5) the lowest FIB levels in the near-surface water occur during low-flow periods in the bathing season. 相似文献
70.
We explore whether Rotterdam city has the governance capacity in terms of processes at place, and the attention in terms of vision and strategy to take up an integrated approach toward urban resilience. We adopt an interpretative policy analysis approach to assess the dynamics of urban ecosystem governance considering interviews, gray literature, and facilitated dialogues with policy practitioners. We show the inner workings of local government across strategic, operational, tactical, and reflective governance processes about the way urban ecosystems are regulated. Despite the existing capacity to steer such processes, a number of underlying challenges exist: need for coordination between planning departments; need to ease the integration of new policy objectives into established adaptive policy cycles; and need to assess the lessons learnt from pilots and emerging green initiatives. Regulating and provisioning ecosystem services receive heightened policy attention. Focus on regulating services is maintained by a policy renewal cycle that limits and delays consideration of other ecosystem services in policy and planning. 相似文献