Air pollutant emissions from the asphalt industry in Beijing, China

Improving our understanding of air pollutant emissions from the asphalt industry is critical for the development and implementation of pollution control policies. In this study, the spatial distribution of potential maximum emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the complete life cycle of asphalt mixtures, as well as the particulate matter (PM), asphalt fume, nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), VOCs, and benzoapyrene (BaP) emissions from typical processes (e.g., asphalt and concrete mixing stations, asphalt heating boilers, and asphalt storage tanks) in asphalt mixing plants, were determined in Beijing in 2017. The results indicated that the potential maximum emissions of VOCs in the complete life cycle of asphalt mixtures were 18,001 ton, with a large contribution from the districts of Daxing, Changping, and Tongzhou. The total emissions of PM, asphalt fume, NMHC, VOCs, and BaP from asphalt mixing plants were 3.1, 12.6, 3.1, 23.5, and 1.9 × 10^?3 ton, respectively. The emissions of PM from asphalt and concrete mixing stations contributed the most to the total emissions. The asphalt storage tank was the dominant emission source of VOCs, accounting for 96.1% of the total VOCs emissions in asphalt mixing plants, followed by asphalt heating boilers. The districts of Daxing, Changping, and Shunyi were the dominant regions for the emissions of PM, asphalt fume, NMHC, and BaP, while the districts of Shunyi, Tongzhou, and Changping contributed the most emissions of VOCs.     

Methane emissions responding to Azolla inoculation combined with midseason aeration and N fertilization in a double-rice cropping system

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Methane (CH4) is an important greenhouse gas (GHG), and paddy fields are major sources of CH4 emissions. This pot experiment was conducted to...     

Comparison of PM2.5 emission rates and source profiles for traditional Chinese cooking styles

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The number of restaurants is increasing rapidly in recent years, especially in urban cities with dense populations. Particulate matter emitted from...     

Effects of H19/SAHH/DNMT1 on the oxidative DNA damage related to benzo[a]pyrene exposure

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The mechanisms that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) H19 binding to S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) interacted with DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1)...     

Enantioselective fate of mandipropamid in grape and during processing of grape wine

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Enantioselective monitoring of chiral fungicide mandipropamid enantiomers were carried out in grapes and wine-making process. The enantiomers of...     

Excretion stereoselectivity of triticonazole in rat urine and faeces

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to study the excretion stereoselectivity of triticonazole enantiomers in rat urine and faeces. Six male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were administrated 50?mg/kg rac-triticonazole. Rats urine and faeces were separately and quantitatively collected at the following intervals: 0–3, 3–6, 6–9, 9–12, 12–24, 24–36 and 36–48?h. The faeces samples were homogenized in an aqueous solution containing 0.2% DMSO at the ratio of 1?g: 40?mL. An aliquot of 100?μL rats urine or faeces homogenate was spiked and mixed with 6.0?μL of 1.00?μg/mL flusilazole as an internal standard. The triticonazole enantiomers in urine and faeces were determined by using an HPLC/MS–MS after samples preparation. The excreted amounts of enantiomers in the urine showed a significant difference (P?<?0.05) except for 3–6?h. The cumulative excretion rate (Xu_0→24) in urine was 26.43?±?0.08% and 37.58?±?0.11% for R-(?)- and S-(+)-triticonazole, respectively, indicating high enantioselectivity (P?<?0.001). The cumulative excretion rate (Xu_0→72) in faeces was 6.93?±?0.03% and 6.77?±?0.03% for R-(?)- and S-(+)-triticonazole, respectively, without a difference. The results showed that the total cumulative percentage of triticonazole enantiomers accounted for in urine and faeces was 64.00?±?0.13% and 13.70?±?0.32%, the urinary excretion of R-(?)- and S-(+)-triticonazole were significantly different and S-(+)-triticonazole was preferentially excreted. However, the faecal excretion of the enantiomers showed no difference.     

浅谈雷电流效应在雷电防护设计中的应用

对雷电流在雷击点和雷电流流经金属体阶段的热效应和机械效应进行计算分析,重点计算分析各金属材料截面积对导体温升的影响。计算在雷击点雷电流对铝、钢、铜等金属材料的熔化破坏效应,指出雷电流的温升效应对金属结构自身不具备伤害性且可逆;而雷电流在雷击点对金属体会有明显的熔化破坏效应,故具有承重、受力等结构力学性质的金属构件不适合作为接闪器直接承受雷击。对雷击的电磁感应效应进行实例分析,说明其在电子信息系统电磁屏蔽中的应用。     

逆断层作用下大口径薄璧管道安全性分析

针对逆断层错动易导致大口径薄壁埋地管道受压发生屈曲失效的问题,基于土弹簧壳耦合模型,考虑管土材料非线性及几何非线性,分析逆断层错动作用下大口径薄壁管道的力学响应,结合大口径薄壁管道的结构特点,研究了断层位错量变化时管道截面椭圆化变形与应变分布规律.研究表明,断层位错量较大时,大口径薄壁管很快进入非线性状态;在断层错动作用下,管道不仅会产生弯曲变形,而且截面会产生椭圆化变形;大口径薄壁管抵抗逆断层压缩载荷的能力较弱,设计中应尽量避免让管道受压.研究所得结论可用于大口径薄壁管道抗灾设计与防治措施制定.     

“环境监测实习”实践教学的改革和实践

在建设校内外“环境监测实习”实践基地的基础上,形成将区域环境质量监测、城市环境监测站和污水处理厂参观等相结合的新型“环境监测实习”实践教学内容体系,建立动手实践、参观和讲座等联合的新的教学方式,并建立激发学生全面发展的教学评分体系,强化学生实践能力、综合素质和创新能力的培养,从而将实践、教学和科研紧密结合,为学生顺利走入相应工作岗位奠定基础。     

Evaluating PM₂.₅ ionic components and source apportionment in Jinan, China from 2004 to 2008 using trajectory statistical methods

The mass concentrations and major chemical components of PM(2.5) in Jinan, Shandong Province, China from Dec. 2004 to Oct. 2008 were analyzed using backward trajectory cluster analysis in conjunction with the potential source contribution function (PSCF) model. The aim of this work was to study the inter-annual variations of mass concentrations and major chemical components of PM(2.5), evaluate the air mass flow patterns and identify the potential local and regional source areas that contributed to secondary sulfate and nitrate in PM(2.5) in Jinan. The annual mean concentrations of PM(2.5), sulfate and nitrate in 2004-2008 were almost the highest in the world. The most significant air parcels contributing to the highest mean concentrations of mass and secondary ions in PM(2.5) originated from the industrialized areas of Shandong Province. Clusters with a lower ratio of NO(3)(-)/SO(4)(2-) in PM(2.5) originated from the Yellow Sea, while a higher ratio was observed in the clusters passing through Beijing and Tianjin. PSCF modeling indicated that the provinces of Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui and the Yellow Sea were the major potential source regions for sulfate, in agreement with the cluster analysis results. Regional and long-range transport of NH(4)NO(3) played an important role in the nitrate concentration of Jinan. By comparing the distributions of secondary sulfate and nitrate over three years, enhanced emission control management before and during the 29(th) Olympic Games led to a discernible decrease in source contributions from Beijing and its environs in 2007-2008.