氮源对克雷伯氏菌NIII2分泌絮凝剂特性的影响

实验研究了蔗糖为碳源,硝酸钠、脲、蛋白胨、硫酸铵和氯化铵等氮源对NIII2发酵产絮凝剂的影响。结果表明,发酵液起始pH值为7.50,以硝酸钠为氮源,发酵液pH会上升,升至7.60～8.34时,NⅢ2菌株开始大量分泌微生物絮凝剂,发酵72 h,产量可达7.5 g/L,该产量是目前报道的克雷伯氏菌产絮凝剂的最高值。脲为氮源,pH则下降,降至5.04～6.49时,大量分泌絮凝剂,发酵72 h产量达5.2 g/L。蛋白胨、氯化铵和硫酸铵等为氮源时,pH下降十分明显,pH小于3.71时有絮凝剂分泌,发酵72 h产量约2.0 g/L或更小。以硝酸钠和脲为氮源时,发酵液中有黄色物质分泌,该黄色物质出现或黄色逐渐加深,是NIII2菌高产絮凝剂的标志。除硫酸铵外,其他氮源发酵所产絮凝剂为O-糖蛋白。当以硝酸钠、脲、蛋白胨、硫酸铵和氯化铵为氮源时,絮凝剂中蛋白的含量分别为9.55%、33.28%、19.39%、13.81%和15.51%,且蛋白含量越高,絮凝剂活性越大。     

The expansion process of a Stellera chamaejasme population in a degraded alpine meadow of Northwest China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The expansion of poisonous plants can change vegetation community structures and affect grassland ecosystem service values. Stellera chamaejasme is...     

沸石负载Fe_3O_4光催化氧化去除水中苯酚

为了对水中苯酚的去除进行研究,通过离子交换法及液相沉积法在天然沸石上负载Fe3O4制备出一种具有较高反应活性的复合催化剂,采用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等仪器对其结构和形貌进行表征,并利用复合催化剂进行非均相UV/Fenton反应处理模拟苯酚废水,考察不同因素对苯酚降解效果的影响。实验结果表明,在催化剂投加量为0.4 g/L,H2O2投加量为二分之一理论投加量,pH为3~10且室温的条件下,处理100 mg/L的模拟苯酚废水,60 min之内苯酚去除率可达90%以上。通过对催化剂的稳定性研究,发现经5次循环使用后,苯酚去除率均可保持在90%以上,具有良好的循环使用性能。     

Arsenic contamination in the freshwater fish ponds of Pearl River Delta: bioaccumulation and health risk assessment

This study investigated the extent of arsenic (As) contamination in five common species of freshwater fish (northern snakehead [Channa argus], mandrarin fish [Siniperca chuatsi], largemouth bass [Lepomis macrochirous], bighead carp [Aristichthys nobilis] and grass carp [Ctenopharyngodon idellus]) and their associated fish pond sediments collected from 18 freshwater fish ponds around the Pearl River Delta (PRD). The total As concentrations detected in fish muscle and sediment in freshwater ponds around the PRD were 0.05–3.01 mg?kg^?1 wet weight (w. wt) and 8.41–22.76 mg?kg^?1 dry weight (d. wt), respectively. In addition, the As content was positively correlated (p?<?0.05) to total organic carbon (TOC) contents in sediments. Biota sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) showed that omnivorous fish and zooplankton accumulated higher concentrations of heavy metals from the sediment than carnivorous fish. In addition, feeding habits of fish also influence As accumulation in different fish species. In this study, two typical food chains of the aquaculture ponds were selected for investigation: (1) omnivorous food chain (zooplankton, grass carp and bighead carp) and (2) predatory food chain (zooplankton, mud carp and mandarin fish). Significant linear relationships were obtained between log As and δ ¹⁵N. The slope of the regression (?0.066 and ?0.078) of the log transformed As concentrations and δ ¹⁵N values, as biomagnifications power, indicated there was no magnification or diminution of As from lower trophic levels (zooplankton) to fish in the aquaculture ponds. Consumption of largemouth bass, northern snakehead and bighead carp might impose health risks of Hong Kong residents consuming these fish to the local population, due to the fact that its cancer risk (CR) value exceeded the upper limit of the acceptable risk levels (10^?4) stipulated by the USEPA.     

Remedial Strategies for Municipal Solid Waste Management in China

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the current status and to identify the problems of municipal solid waste (MSW) management in China to determine appropriate remedial strategies. This is the second of two papers proposed on this topic. Major problems or difficulties identified in MSW management in China include MSW land, air, and water pollution, commingled collection, poor administration, shortage of funds, lack of facilities, and problems of training and public awareness.

In order to solve these problems and to improve MSW management in China, remedial strategies in three areas are recommended: institutional reform, technology development, and legislation and administrative improvement. The primary principle involved in institutional reform is unifying legislative responsibilities into one body and developing a market mechanism for handling MSW. Composting, landfills, and incineration should be equally developed in accordance with China's needs. The feasibility of developing technology to handle MSW in China is discussed. Also recommended is the establishment of sound regulatory systems, including a service fee system, a source separation system, and a training program. China is presently undergoing economic and institutional reform at the national and local levels. Results of this study will provide useful information on MSW management in China.     

MnOx/介孔γ-Al2O3催化臭氧化降解水中安替比林的研究

以自制的介孔γ-Al₂O₃为载体,通过等体积浸渍法合成了MnO_x/介孔γ-Al₂O₃催化剂。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜 (TEM) 以及紫外可见漫反射（UV-Vis DRS）等手段对其进行表征。结果表明,锰氧化物在介孔氧化铝载体上具有较高的分散度,并且锰以多种价态存在。高度分散以及多价态的MnO_x能够提高催化臭氧化过程中电荷转移,引起更高     

Plants' use of different nitrogen forms in response to crude oil contamination

In this study, we investigated Phragmites australis’ use of different forms of nitrogen (N) and associated soil N transformations in response to petroleum contamination. ¹⁵N tracer studies indicated that the total amount of inorganic and organic N assimilated by P. australis was low in petroleum-contaminated soil, while the rates of inorganic and organic N uptake on a per-unit-biomass basis were higher in petroleum-contaminated soil than those in un-contaminated soil. The percentage of organic N in total plant-assimilated N increased with petroleum concentration. In addition, high gross N immobilization and nitrification rates relative to gross N mineralization rate might reduce inorganic-N availability to the plants. Therefore, the enhanced rate of N uptake and increased importance of organic N in plant N assimilation might be of great significance to plants growing in petroleum-contaminated soils. Our results suggest that plants might regulate N capture under petroleum contamination.     

Equilibrium and kinetics of adsorption of phosphate onto iron-doped activated carbon

Purpose

Two series of activated carbons modified by Fe (II) and Fe (III) (denoted as AC/N-Fe^II and AC/N-Fe^III), respectively, were used as adsorbents for the removal of phosphate in aqueous solutions.

Method

The synthesized adsorbent materials were investigated by different experimental analysis means. The adsorption of phosphate on activated carbons has been studied in kinetic and equilibrium conditions taking into account the adsorbate concentration, temperature, and solution pH as major influential factors.

Results

Maximum removals of phosphate are obtained in the pH range of 3.78?C6.84 for both adsorbents. Langmuir isotherm adsorption equation well describes the experimental adsorption isotherms. Kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second order kinetic model. Results suggest that the main phase formed in AC/N-Fe^II and AC/N-Fe^III is goethite and akaganeite, respectively; the presence of iron oxides significantly affected the surface area and the pore structure of the activated carbon.

Conclusions

Studies revealed that iron-doped activated carbons were effective in removing phosphate. AC/N-Fe^II has a higher phosphate removal capacity than AC/N-Fe^III, which could be attributed to its better intra-particle diffusion and higher binding energy. The activation energy for adsorption was calculated to be 22.23 and 10.89 kJ mol^?1 for AC/N-Fe^II and AC/N-Fe^III, respectively. The adsorption process was complex; both surface adsorption and intra-particle diffusion were simultaneously occurring during the process and contribute to the adsorption mechanism.     

Prediction and cause investigation of ozone based on a double-stage attention mechanism recurrent neural network

● Used a double-stage attention mechanism model to predict ozone. ● The model can autonomously select the appropriate time series for forecasting. ● The model outperforms other machine learning models and WRF-CMAQ. ● We used the model to analyze the driving factors of VOCs that cause ozone pollution. Ozone is becoming a significant air pollutant in some regions, and VOCs are essential for ozone prediction as necessary ozone precursors. In this study, we proposed a recurrent neural network based on a double-stage attention mechanism model to predict ozone, selected an appropriate time series for prediction through the input attention and temporal attention mechanisms, and analyzed the cause of ozone generation according to the contribution of feature parameters. The experimental data show that our model had an RMSE of 7.71 μg/m³ and a mean absolute error of 5.97 μg/m³ for 1-h predictions. The DA-RNN model predicted ozone closer to observations than the other models. Based on the importance of the characteristics, we found that the ozone pollution in the Jinshan Industrial Zone mainly comes from the emissions of petrochemical enterprises, and the good generalization performance of the model is proved through testing multiple stations. Our experimental results demonstrate the validity and promising application of the DA-RNN model in predicting atmospheric pollutants and investigating their causes.     

低磷污水的HAP诱导结晶磷回收

为考察羟基磷酸钙(HAP)诱导结晶对低磷污水中PO43--P的回收效果,以污水厂尾水为研究对象,采用方解石为晶种,首先全面对比了HAP诱导结晶与均相结晶的PO43--P去除效果,然后通过改变晶种粒径和投加量,研究了晶种对PO43--P回收的影响,并探讨了结晶反应条件对PO43--P回收和产物晶型的影响.结果表明:HAP...