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151.
Cadmium, lead, zinc, Chromium, copper, nickel and manganese in sediments and in aquatic organisms were collected from the aquaculture pond ecosystem of the Pearl River Delta (PRD), China and analyzed to evaluate bioaccumulation and trophic transfer in food chains, as well as the potential health risk of exposure to the Hong Kong residents via dietary intake of these aquatic products. The results revealed that based on the biota–sediment accumulation factor, omnivorous fish and zooplankton accumulated more trace metals from sediment than carnivorous fish. Concentrations of seven trace metals in aquaculture pond of PRD significantly decreased with increasing trophic levels, showing that these trace metals were trophically diluted in predatory and omnivorous food chains. The hazard index values of all fish species were smaller than 1 for adults and children, indicating there was no health risk from the multiple metals via ingestion of the freshwater fish for the inhabitants. 相似文献
152.
水稻土中半胱氨酸分解产生含硫气体的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在室内培养条件下,测定了水稻土中含硫气体的释放.结果表明,该土壤中有硫化氢(H2S),羰基硫(COS),二甲基硫(DMS)三种气体释放.当土壤中加入半胱氨酸后,COS和H2S气体的浓度有了明显增加,并有CS2和CH3SH测出,而DMS的浓度变化不大.这些结果表明半胱氨酸的分解可能是 COS,H2S,CS2和 CH3SH的产生源之一.在好氧(正常大气)条件下,H2S,COS,CS2和CH3SH的释放量低于厌氧(氮气氛围)条件下的释放量,DMS则高于厌氧条件下.这表明水稻土中半胱氨酸分解产生 H2S,COS,CS2和 CH3SH需较强的还原条件,产生这四种气体的微生物需要严格的厌氧条件.产生DMS的微生物则比前者需要高一些的含氧量.在光照条件下,各含硫气体的释放量普遍高于无光照条件下的释放量.释放含硫气体的大多数微生物适宜的含水率为50%且对土壤的pH值有一定要求. 相似文献
153.
In this study, an inexact fuzzy-robust two-stage programming (IFRTSP) method is developed for tackling multiple forms of uncertainties
that can be expressed as discrete intervals, probabilistic distributions and/or fuzzy membership functions. The model can
reflect economic penalties of corrective measures against any infeasibilities arising due to a particular realization of system
uncertainties. Moreover, the fuzzy decision space can be delimited into a more robust one with the uncertainties being specified
through dimensional enlargement of the original fuzzy constraints. A management problem in terms of regional air pollution
control has been studied to illustrate the applicability of the proposed approach. Results indicate that useful solutions
for planning the air quality management practices have been generated. They can help decision makers identify desired pollution-abatement
strategy with minimized system cost and maximized environmental efficiency. 相似文献
154.
市售蜂窝陶瓷经过氧化铝涂层后,进一步负载β-FeOOH活性组分,制得改性蜂窝陶瓷催化剂(β-FeOOH/Ce-ramic honeycomb,β-FeOOH/CH)。与单独臭氧氧化相比,基于该催化剂的固定床反应装置体现出更好的臭氧化活性,反应20 min后,水中的2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)就可以完全去除,其矿化效率也可以达到80%以上。进一步考察了进水流速、有机物浓度等因素对多相催化臭氧化效率的影响,结果表明:β-FeOOH/CH可以显著提高臭氧的利用效率,能够有效去除水中包括2,4-D在内的多种有机污染物,而且催化剂可以重复使用,在长期的运行实验中其催化性能没有明显下降,该反应装置在饮用水深度处理领域具有很好的应用潜力。 相似文献
155.
156.
X. Q. Liang Y. X. Chen Z. Y. Nie Y. S. Ye J. Liu G. M. Tian G. H. Wang T. P. Tuong 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(10):6980-6991
Resource-conserving irrigation and fertilizer management practices have been developed for rice systems which may help address water quality concerns by reducing N and P losses via surface runoff. Field experiments under three treatments, i.e., farmers’ conventional practice (FCP), alternate wetting and drying (AWD), and AWD integrated with site-specific nutrient management (AWD + SSNM) were carried out during two rice seasons at two sites in the southwest Yangtze River delta region. Across site years, results indicated that under AWD irrigation (i.e., AWD and AWD + SSNM), water inputs were reduced by 13.4?~?27.5 % and surface runoff was reduced by 30.2?~?36.7 % compared to FCP. When AWD was implemented alone, total N and P loss masses via surface runoff were reduced by 23.3?~?30.4 % and 26.9?~?31.7 %, respectively, compared to FCP. However, nutrient concentrations of surface runoff did not decrease under AWD alone. Under AWD + SSNM, total N and P loss masses via surface runoff were reduced to a greater extent than AWD alone (39.4?~?47.6 % and 46.1?~?48.3 % compared to FCP, respectively), while fertilizer inputs and N surpluses significantly decreased and rice grain yields increased relative to FCP. Therefore, by more closely matching nutrient supply with crop demand and reducing both surface runoff and nutrient concentrations of surface runoff, our results demonstrate that integration of AWD and SSNM practices can mitigate N and P losses via surface runoff from rice fields while maintaining high yields. 相似文献
157.
Characterization of polychlorinated naphthalenes in stack gas emissions from waste incinerators 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Jicheng Hu Minghui Zheng Wenbin Liu Changliang Li Zhiqiang Nie Guorui Liu Bing Zhang Ke Xiao Lirong Gao 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(5):2905-2911
Nine typical waste incinerating plants were investigated for polychlorinated naphthalene (PCN) contents in their stack gas. The incinerators investigated include those used to incinerate municipal solid, aviation, medical, and hazardous wastes including those encountered in cement kilns. PCNs were qualified and quantified by isotope dilution high resolution gas chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry techniques. An unexpectedly high concentration of PCNs (13,000 ng?Nm?3) was found in the stack gas emitted from one waste incinerator. The PCN concentrations ranged from 97.6 to 874 ng?Nm?3 in the other waste incinerators. The PCN profiles were dominated by lower chlorinated homologues, with mono- to tetra-CNs being the main homologues present. Furthermore, the relationships between PCNs and other unintentional persistent organic pollutants involving polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, polychlorinated biphenyls, hexachlorobenzene, and pentachlorobenzene were examined to ascertain the closeness or otherwise of their formation mechanisms. A good correlation was observed between ΣPCN (tetra- to octa-CN) and ΣPCDF (tetra- to octa-CDF) concentrations suggesting that a close relationship may exist between their formation mechanisms. The results would provide an improved understanding of PCN emissions from waste incinerators. 相似文献
158.
固定化活性污泥实现短程硝化反硝化处理畜禽废水 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
以畜禽废水为处理对象,通过分别控制水力停留时间(HRT)、溶解氧(DO)、pH值、温度和碳氮比(C/N)等影响亚硝化的主要单因子,以使固定化活性污泥颗粒实现短程硝化反硝化反应,在连续流运行模式下进行废水脱氮实验,实验结果表明,单因子HRT为10 h,溶解氧为4 mg/L,pH值为8.5,温度为30℃,碳氮比为10时,对TN和COD的去除率分别为81.98%、93.79%;87.32%、98.35%;83.82%、93.93%;85%、97%;85.37%、97.28%,达到了理想的去除效果。 相似文献
159.
In-situ emission characteristics of odorous gases from two food waste processing plants 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jianguo Liu Xiaowei Wang Xiaoqin Nie Rundong Li Minying Song 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2013,15(4):510-515
Odorous gas emission is the main environmental concern of food waste treatment. Two typical food waste processing plants, one for animal feed production by hydrothermal hydrolysis + aerobic fermentation (Plant A), and the other for biogas production by anaerobic digestion (Plant B), were selected to conduct in situ monitoring of fugitive odorous gas emission for five consecutive days, and the emission characteristics of NH3 and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) were compared in this paper. The results showed that the two processes had different emission characteristics of odorous gases. Closed-operated hydrothermal hydrolysis had positive effects on overall fugitive odor control in plant A. Meanwhile, more fugitive odor gases may be released into the environment during the pretreatment with high-temperature and seemingly-open facilities in plant B. The emission strength of odor gases at night was generally lower than that in the day since more fresh food waste was received in the day and the higher temperature and lower air pressure in the day were favorable to gas emission. In general, the process of hydrothermal hydrolysis + aerobic fermentation was more advantageous in controlling odor than the process of anaerobic digestion. 相似文献
160.