Historical and future emission of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) from gas-fired combustion in Beijing,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The consumption of natural gas in Beijing has increased in the past decade due to energy structure adjustments and air pollution abatement. In this...     

Two-stage vertex analysis method for planning electric power systems with greenhouse gas abatement consideration

This study presents a two-stage vertex analysis (TSVA) method for the planning of electric power systems (EPS) under uncertainty. TSVA has advantages in comparison to other optimization techniques. Firstly, TSVA can incorporate greenhouse gas (GHG) abatement policies directly into its optimization process, and, secondly, it can readily integrate inherent system uncertainties expressed as fuzzy sets and probability distributions directly into its modeling formulation and solution procedure. The TSVA method is applied to a case study of planning EPS and it is demonstrated how the TSVA efficiently identify optimal electricity-generation schemes that could help to minimize system cost under different GHG-abatement considerations. Different combinative considerations on the uncertain inputs lead to varied system costs and GHG emissions. Results reveal that the total electricity supply will rise up along with the time period due to the increasing demand and, at the same time, more non-fossil fuels should be used to satisfy the increasing requirement for GHG mitigation. Moreover, uncertainties in connection with complexities in terms of information quality (e.g., capacity, efficiency, and demand) result in changed electricity-generation patterns, GHG-abatement amounts, as well as system costs. Minimax regret (MMR) analysis technique is employed to identify desired alternative that reflects compromises between system cost and system-failure risk.     

基于农户视角的政策性种植业保险调研报告——以湖南省566户调查数据为例

基于566户调研数据,对湖南省开展的政策性种植业保险做了深入分析,以期对农业保险的开展和相关政策实施提供有益的参考。调查结果显示:水稻和棉花保险保障程度有限,低于基本物化成本;对相关政策的不理解以及担心得不到赔偿是限制农户购买农业保险的主要原因;农户愿意支付的水稻与棉花的保险费率平均在2.6%～3.0%。建议加强农村基础设施建设,提高农业生产设防水平;结合农民需求和支付意愿,设计合理丰富的保险产品;增加农民收入,加强保险知识教育;加大农业保险宣传,保证基层政府和保险公司良好的公信度。     

The Vegetation Coverage Dynamic Coupling with Climatic Factors in Northeast China Transect

Based on SPOT-VGT images and meteorological data, this paper applied an integrated method to investigate the vegetation dynamic and its response to climate factors during 1998-2008 in Northeast China Transect, one of 15 ecological transects listed in the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme. The main findings are as follows: (1) The NDVI time series presented nonlinear patterns that vary with timescales. The series fluctuated greatly at the smallest timescale (20?days), showing no salient trend, whereas a trend manifested itself more and more with the increase of time scale and finally stabilized at the 320-day scale. Little difference was found between vegetation types about the NDVI periodicity, as they occurred on either a 280-day or a 290-day cycle. (2) NDVI exhibited a significant correlation with temperature, precipitation, and sunshine hours. Overall, the correlation between NDVI and temperature was the highest, followed by precipitation, sunshine hours, and relative humidity. For different vegetation types, the correlations between NDVI and climate variables diversified, increasing from desert steppe to typical steppe, meadow steppe, and forest. (3) The periodicity of temperature and precipitation occurred in either a 280-day or 290-day cycle, which was approximately coincident with that of NDVI. This further supported the significant relationship between NDVI and these two climate factors. (4) At all the time scales under examination, NDVI and temperature and precipitation are significantly, positively correlated, especially at the 160-day scale, which can be regarded as the most suitable time scale for investigating the responses of vegetation dynamics to climate factors at most stations.     

钻井废弃泥浆脱水工艺试验

在分析钻井废弃泥浆组成的基础上,对泥浆体系进行稀释、酸化处理,以硅改性聚合氯化铁为破胶剂,阳离子聚丙烯酰胺为絮凝剂,破坏钻井废弃泥浆的胶体体系,采用固液分离方法使泥浆液混凝脱水。试验表明:稀释倍数为4倍、pH值为5、2.5%改性聚合氯化铁为破胶剂、0.25‰阳离子聚丙烯酰胺为絮凝剂、0.8%N-626为去油剂,离心分离后泥饼中石油类含量低于3‰,混凝产生的絮体大、脱水率高、残渣稳定性好、无造浆能力。     

高浓度铬污染土壤水浸泡与电动修复联合处理实验

对含铬量为2 142 mg/kg的铬污染土壤首先使用蒸馏水进行6轮浸泡试验,然后再进行电动修试验。土壤经过浸泡、通电24 h和72 h处理后总铬的去除率分别为:47%、61%和70%,表明预浸泡可以显著降低电动修复的负荷从而降低整个土壤修复费用。电动修复过程中对土壤两端的温度进行了测量以间接反映土壤电阻的分布和变化情况。结果显示土壤电阻逐渐上升,从阴极端开始逐渐过渡到阳极端,60 h之后达到最高值并保持稳定。电动修复的电流效率随土壤中铬浓度的降低而下降。此外,浸泡和电动修复均导致整个土壤和各断面铬浓度分布不均匀性增大。     

调质对垃圾焚烧飞灰烧结处理的影响

为提高经磷酸预处理后的焚烧飞灰在烧结处理过程中的烧结体机械强度,研究了添加SiO2或粉煤灰进行调质,其添加比例对烧结温度和烧结体性能的影响。同时进一步研究了利用硼酸钠作为助熔剂对焚烧飞灰烧结试验影响。结果表明,在烧结温度为1 150℃时,添加30%或者更低比例的SiO₂,或添加20%比例的粉煤灰,焚烧飞灰烧结体已经具有足够的抗压强度和致密化程度。添加5%的硼酸钠时,坯体烧结温度在1 050℃,而添加10%的硼酸钠时烧结温度可降低至980℃。     

含油泥砂洗涤法在大港油田的应用

含油泥砂洗涤法可以将含油泥砂中混合的原油、泥、砂回收并重新资源化利用,且处理过程中不产生新的污染物。大港油田应用含油泥砂洗涤法对北部地区产出的含油泥砂进行处理,处理后的泥砂浸出液COD、石油类等指标均能达到GB 8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》一级标准,处理后的泥砂符合JTJ034-2000《公路路面基层施工技术规范》中的石灰工业废渣稳定土抗压强度标准,符合道路修筑用土的抗压强度要求。     

3个城市生活垃圾焚烧炉飞灰中二恶英类分析

对3个城市生活垃圾焚烧炉飞灰中二恶英类浓度分布的实验研究表明，飞灰中二恶英类异构体的浓度分布具有相类似的特征，高氯代二恶英类的含量明显高于低氯代二恶英类．飞灰中二恶英类的毒性贡献主要来自多氯二苯并呋喃(PCDFs)．布袋除尘器前添加活性炭粉末时，飞灰的二恶英类浓度比没有添加活性炭时高1．8倍，而尾气中二恶英类浓度相应降低。