三氯生光降解动力学过程及其光降解产物生物毒性评价

光化学降解是药品及个人护理用品(PPCPs)在环境中转化归趋的重要途径之一,同时光解过程对该类化合物的生态毒性产生重要影响。本研究以抗菌药物三氯生为模型化合物,研究在紫外光照射下,三氯生初始浓度、腐殖酸含量、pH、光强对其光降解动力学的复合影响。采用发光细菌、羊角月牙藻2个不同营养级生物的毒性响应变化评价三氯生母体化合物及光降解过程中毒性变化。研究表明:三氯生光降解遵循准一级反应动力学。初始浓度为10μmol·L~(-1)、腐殖酸含量为0 mg·L~(-1),初始p H值为11、光强为0.44 m W·cm-2时,该光化学降解反应体系三氯生有最高的反应速率和降解效率。三氯生光降解过程中产生了对受试生物有较高抑制作用的中间产物,随着光降解时间的延长,光降解中间产物的毒性逐渐降低,在光降解30 min后无显著毒性。     

近海沉积物DlPCBs对斑马鱼胚胎EROD和cyp1a mRNA的影响

为探究湛江近海域海洋沉积物中类二噁英多氯联苯(dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls,Dl PCBs)的生物学毒性效应,选取湛江近海域2个地点(近工业区TS和近生活区JSW)采集沉积物样品,制备近海域沉积物Dl PCBs提取物,将斑马鱼胚胎暴露于不同浓度的Dl PCBs提取物,测定斑马鱼胚胎7-乙氧基异吩恶唑脱乙基酶(ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase,EROD)活性和cyp1a m RNA相对表达量。结果发现,JSW采样点Dl PCBs提取物染毒组EROD酶活性变化与TS采样点Dl PCBs提取物一致,在各染毒浓度下,斑马鱼仔鱼EROD酶活性为对照组的1.1~1.8倍。TS和JSW采样点不同浓度Dl PCBs提取物暴露斑马鱼胚胎96 h后,使斑马鱼仔鱼cyp1a m RNA相对表达量是对照组的3.36~19.45倍。说明一定浓度的近海沉积物Dl PCBs能诱导斑马鱼仔鱼EROD酶活性和cyp1a m RNA表达量升高,且呈现浓度-效应关系。     

埕岛油田中心二号生活平台导管架结构寿命评估

论述了应用NDV挪威船级社的SESAM软件对中心二号生活平台导管架结构寿命评估的方法和程序.采用对导管架、桩、上部组块的前处理建立有限元模型、加载载荷,并进行敏感分析和构件重要度分析的评估方法,从而计算出了结构失效的概率,给出了有针对性的结论和建议.     

新型气体灭火剂七氟丙烷的性能及其应用

介绍七氟丙烷气体灭火剂的基本性质及特点,阐述七氟丙烷气体灭火剂的灭火原理,分析讨论七氟丙烷气体灭火剂的环境效益、安全可靠性、经济适用性,并对其适用条件进行了说明。     

基于灰色系统GM(1,N)模型的高炉炉尘量的预测

应用灰色系统GM(1,N)模型对高炉冶炼时产生的炉尘量进行预报,以等维新息建模方式建模,同时结合GM(1,N)残差模型对预测值进行修正,以提高预测精度,使相对误差小于3％的命中率达到83．6％,给生产提供相关技术支持,以通过具体操作来达到固体废物减量化的目的。     

Catalytic ozonation performance and surface property of supported Fe3O4 catalysts dispersions

Fe₃O₄ was supported on mesoporous Al₂O₃ or SiO₂ (50 wt.%) using an incipient wetness impregnation method, and Fe₃O₄/Al₂O₃ exhibited higher catalytic efficiency for the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and para-chlorobenzoic acid aqueous solution with ozone. The effect and morphology of supported Fe₃O₄ on catalytic ozonation performance were investigated based on the characterization results of X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, BET analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results indicated that the physical and chemical properties of the catalyst supports especially their Lewis acid sites had a significant influence on the catalytic activity. In comparison with SiO₂, more Lewis acid sites existed on the surface of Al₂O₃, resulting in higher catalytic ozonation activity. During the reaction process, no significant Fe ions release was observed. Moreover, Fe₃O₄/Al₂O₃ exhibited stable structure and activity after successive cyclic experiments. The results indicated that the catalyst is a promising ozonation catalyst with magnetic separation in drinking water treatment.     

Residues of fluoroquinolones in marine aquaculture environment of the Pearl River Delta, South China

Concentrations and distributions of selected fluoroquinolones (norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin) in water, sediments and nine kinds of fish species collected from 6 sites in two marine aquaculture regions of the Pearl River Delta, China, were analyzed by using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector (HPLC). The results showed that the concentrations of ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin were below the limits of quantification (LOQ) in all water samples except for norfloxacin. Norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin concentrations ranged from 1.88 to 11.20 ng g⁻¹ dry wt, 0.76–2.42 ng g⁻¹ dry wt in sediments collected from the Dapeng’ao region (sites 1–3) and ranged from 2.31 to 4.75 ng g⁻¹ dry wt, 1.26–1.76 ng g⁻¹ dry wt in sediments collected from the Hailing Island region (sites 4–6), respectively. However, no enrofloxacin was found in all sediment samples. The three fluoroquinolones (FQs) were detected in all fish samples, and the concentrations were higher in liver tissues than those in muscle tissues. The levels of norfloxacin were higher than ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin in both liver and muscle tissues. Among the nine marine fish species, Siganus fuscescens from Hailing Island had a significantly high level of norfloxacin in liver tissue (254.58 ng g⁻¹ wet wt), followed by Sparus macrocephalus (133.15 ng g⁻¹ wet wt) from Dapeng’ao, and the lowest value was Lutianus argentimaculatus (5.18 ng g⁻¹ wet wt) from Hailing Island. The obtained results of FQs in present study do not represent a risk to the human health in Guangdong coastal area, based on the maximum residue limits (MRLs) established by Chinese Government and the acceptable daily intake (ADI) recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization and World Health Organization (FAO/WHO).     

Reproductive competition and fecal testosterone in wild male giant pandas (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ailuropoda melanoleuca</Emphasis>)

The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is notoriously difficult to study in the wild, but its interesting reproductive ecology makes the effort worthwhile. Perhaps more than most species, the panda is energy-limited, which alters the cost/benefit analysis of its reproductive ecology. Using global positioning system/very high frequency radiocollars to locate mating aggregations, we used behavioral observations and fecal testosterone assays to gain insight into male panda reproductive effort and strategies, and test theories relating to reproductive competition. Male pandas initially competed fiercely for access to females that were about to be fertile, but once male competitive status was determined, aggression rates declined. Contact aggression was only observed during the first 2 days of mating aggregations; thereafter, it was replaced with noncontact aggression and avoidance. Agonistic interactions were highly asymmetrical, with contest losers (subordinates) showing less aggression and more avoidance than contest winners (dominants), both before and after contest outcome was established. The competitively superior male displayed mate-guarding tactics and secured all observed copulations. Contrary to theoretical predictions, testosterone levels did not predict aggression levels or contest winners and also were not affected by winning or losing a contest. Body size appeared to be the primary determinant of contest outcome. We discuss our findings in light of theoretical predictions, such as those arising from the “challenge hypothesis,” in the context of the giant panda’s foraging and nutritional ecology.     

3个城市生活垃圾焚烧炉飞灰中二噁英类分析

对3个城市生活垃圾焚烧炉飞灰中二英类浓度分布的实验研究表明,飞灰中二英类异构体的浓度分布具有相类似的特征,高氯代二英类的含量明显高于低氯代二英类.飞灰中二英类的毒性贡献主要来自多氯二苯并呋喃(PCDFs).布袋除尘器前添加活性炭粉末时,飞灰的二英类浓度比没有添加活性炭时高1.8倍,而尾气中二英类浓度相应降低.     

利用CRISPR/Cas9系统敲除斑马鱼bco1基因与bco1l基因

β-胡萝卜素-15,15'-加氧酶(β-carotene-15,15'-momoxygenase 1,bco1)是β-胡萝卜素转化成维生素A过程中的关键酶,bco1与bco1l是编码此酶的主要基因。本实验利用CRISPR/Cas9技术敲除斑马鱼的与β-胡萝卜素-15,15'-加氧酶编码相关的基因bco1与bco1l,以便深入开展对斑马鱼bco1的功能研究。分别在斑马鱼bco1与bco1l基因2号外显子选取sg RNA识别位点,体外转录制备sg RNA并与Cas9 m RNA混合对斑马鱼Ⅰ细胞期受精卵进行显微注射,24 h后收集部分胚胎进行PCR检测并将PCR产物进行单克隆测序确定sg RNA的有效性,构建首建鱼,并在此基础上通过PCR检测、凝胶电泳及测序筛选可遗传突变体。本研究分别获得了bco1基因突变与bco1l基因突变,分析表明这些缺失和插入均可导致编码序列的移码,为研究鱼类胡萝卜素代谢及相关发育过程等后续研究提供了材料。