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201.
Endalkachew Sahle-Demessie Catherine B. Almquist Sridara Chandra Sehker 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2008,8(3-4):297-309
Oxidation of methanol over V2O5 catalysts supported on anatase TiO2 that were prepared using sol-gel formation and impregnation procedures were investigated. The effects of incorporating Mg
in sol-gel to influence the properties of the catalyst were also studied. The process provides an alternative low temperature
reaction pathway for reducing emissions of hazardous air pollutant (HAPs) such as methanol and total reduced sulfur compounds
(TRS) from pulp and paper mills. The bulk and surface composition of the catalysts were determined by XRD and SEM-EDAX, respectively.
The X-ray diffraction patterns of the vanadia–titania catalysts showed mainly the anatase phase of TiO2. Temperature programmed desorption of methanol from the different catalyst showed that the α and β peaks differ significantly
with V content and addition of Mg. The combination of gas phase and surface reactions on the V/TiO2 catalysts reduced the amount of ozone required for high degradation of methanol to mainly CO
x
with small quantities of methyl formate. In the absence of ozone the catalysts showed very low activity. It is hypothesized
that the ozone is directly influencing the V4+ and V5+ redox cycle of the catalyst. Oxidation of methanol is influenced by the operation variables and catalyst properties. The
results of this study revealed that the V content has significant influence on the catalyst activity, and the optimum vanadia
loading of about 6 wt%. Higher turnover frequencies were observed over sol-gel catalysts than with catalysts prepared by the
impregnation method. 相似文献
202.
Bhavin Mehta Chandra Venkataraman Mani Bhushan Sachchida Nand Tripathi 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(6):1288-1295
Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used to identify factors affecting fog formation in Kanpur during the ISRO-GBP land campaign-II (LC-II) in December 2004. PMF predicted factors were validated by contrasting the emission strength of sources in the foggy and clear periods, using a combination of potential source contribution function (PSCF) analysis and quantitative emission inventory information. A time series aerosol chemical data set of 29 days and 12 species was decomposed to identify 4-factors: Secondary species, Biomass burning, Dust and Sea salt. PMF predicted particle mass with a satisfactory goodness-of-fit (slope of 0.83 ± 0.17 and R2 of 0.8), and strong species within 11–12% relative standard deviation. Mean contributions of anthropogenic factors were significantly higher during the foggy period for secondary species (2.9 ± 0.3) and biomass burning (1.2 ± 0.09) compared to the clear period. Local sources contributing to aerosols that mediated fog events at Kanpur, based on emissions in a 200 km × 200 km area around Kanpur city were thermal power plants and transportation (SO2) and biofuel combustion (BC and OM). Regional scale sources influencing emissions during the foggy period, in probable source regions identified by PSCF included thermal power plants, transportation, brick kilns and biofuel combustion. While biofuel combustion and transportation are distributed area sources, individual point sources include coal-fired thermal power plants located in Aligarh, Delhi, Ghaziabad, Jhansi, Kanpur, Rae Bareli and Rupnagar and brick kilns located in Allahabad, Agra, Farrukhabad, Ghaziabad, Kanpur, Ludhiana, Lucknow and Rae Bareli. Additionally, in the foggy period, large areas of probable source regions lay outside India, implying the significance of aerosol incursion from outside India. 相似文献
203.
Kumar Pushp Sahu Naresh Chandra Kumar Siddharth Ansari Mohd Arshad 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(37):51597-51611
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study empirically examines the impact of climate change on cereal production in selected lower-middle-income countries with a balanced panel... 相似文献
204.
Md. Ekramul Karim Sohana Al Sanjee Shohel Mahmud Modhusudon Shaha Md. Moniruzzaman Keshob Chandra Das 《Chemistry and Ecology》2020,36(1):83-99
ABSTRACTMicroplastics are emerging environmental pollutants that have gained tremendous scientific interest in recent years. These micropollutants are omnipresent both in the terrestrial and aquatic environments posing a deleterious threat to the ecosystem and biodiversity. So, it is important to develop a deep understanding of the environmental fate and potential adverse impacts of microplastics on the aquatic and terrestrial environments. By critically reviewing the previously published scientific literature, the present synthesis briefly outlines the characteristics, occurrence and potential toxic effects of microplastics on terrestrial and aquatic biota. The article also focuses on some innovative approaches for sustainable remediation of macroplastics as well as microplastics. Since the concept of microplastics pollution has yet in its infancy in Bangladesh, this synthesis provides an overview of the current scenario of microplastics pollution and some future research recommendations in the context of Bangladesh which might be helpful to the novice researchers of this field. 相似文献
205.
Sarker Tumpa R. Nanda Sonil Meda Venkatesh Dalai Ajay K. 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2023,21(1):231-264
Environmental Chemistry Letters - The demand for bioenergy is increasing due to the diminishing popularity of fossil fuels and rising greenhouse gas emissions. However, according to recent reports,... 相似文献
206.
Present study explored the adsorptive characteristics of Indigo Carmine (IC) dye from aqueous solution onto rice husk ash (RHA). Batch experiments were carried out to determine the influence of parameters like initial pH (pH(0)), contact time (t), adsorbent dose (m) and initial concentration (C(0)) on the removal of IC. The optimum conditions were found to be: pH(0)=5.4, t=8h and m=10.0 g/l. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model represented the adsorption kinetics of IC on to RHA. Equilibrium isotherms were analyzed by Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin and Redlich-Peterson models using a non-linear regression technique. Adsorption of IC on RHA was favorably influenced by an increase in the temperature of the operation. The positive values of the change in entropy (DeltaS(0)) and heat of adsorption (DeltaH(0)); and the negative value of change in Gibbs free energy (DeltaG(0)) indicate feasible and spontaneous adsorption of IC on to RHA. 相似文献
207.
Light has received very less attention as a selective factor, probably because the changing vertical light gradient makes
light a rather complex factor when compared with the nutrient competition. In our study we modified an analytically tractable
model based upon the Beer–Lambert law. The study aimed to predict the outcome of phytoplankton competition for light, on the
basis of field measurements. When we considered competition theory, Fragilaria was found to be more competitive than other genera. The overall result shows that the trends flow in the following manner;
Fragilaria > Gomphonema > Diatoma > Amphora > Achnanthes. 相似文献
208.
Long-term storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other forms of carbon in non-atmospheric reservoirs is called carbon sequestration. Selective anthropogenic enrichment of the atmospheric carbon pool is causing dire environmental problems, thereby necessitating remediation by mitigation. Algae possess efficient carbon concentrating mechanisms and consequently high photosynthetic rates which make them suitable candidates for biosequestration of CO2. Globally, nearly half of the atmospheric oxygen is generated by algal photosynthesis despite the fact that algae account for less than 1% of photosynthetic biomass. In water bodies, algae are responsible for creating the ‘biological pump’ that transports carbon from the upper sunlit waters to the depth below. A diverse array of photoautotrophs ranging from prokaryotic cyanobacteria to eukaryotic algae such as Chlorophytes, and even protists like euglenoids, contribute to this ‘biological pump’. It operates in a variety of aquatic ecosystems ranging from small freshwater ponds to the oceans where it has been most extensively studied. Two separate but intricately linked processes constitute this ‘biological pump’, viz. the ‘organic carbon pump’ and the ‘calcium carbonate pump’. The present review discusses the natural CO2 sequestration processes carried out by algae and cyanobacteria in their native ecosystems. 相似文献
209.
Amit Rajesh Chandra Uttam Kumar Ghosh Jagdeep Kumar Nayak 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(26):20868-20875
Marine microalga Tetraselmis indica (T. indica) was cultivated in secondary treated domestic sewage (STDS) in batch mode. Optimization studies showed that after 14 days of cultivation period, highest biomass yield reached was 0.88 ± 0.04 g/L at the optimum temperature of 27 ± 1 °C and light intensity of 135 μmol m?2 s?1. T. indica removed about 60.93% phosphate, 78.46% nitrate, 72.94% chemical oxygen demand (COD), 73.17% biological oxygen demand (BOD), 98.90% total dissolved solids (TDS) and heavy metals (83.11% Cd, 55.67% Ca, 45.12% Cu, 13.67% Mn, 50.88% Pb, and 98.92% Al) from STDS. The level of electrical conductivity was reduced to 0.0974 ± 0.045 dS/m. The fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profile showed the presence of palmitic acid (12.91%), oleic acid (35.94%), linoleic acid (14.89%) and eicosanoic acid (12.34%). This study indicates the potential of T. indica for removal of pollutants from STDS and also its capability of biodiesel production. 相似文献
210.
Anirban Biswas Debasree Deb Aloke Ghose Gijs Du Laing Jan De Neve Subhas Chandra Santra Debendra Nath Guha Mazumder 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(1):609-619
We assessed the association between arsenic intake through water and diet, and arsenic levels in first morning-void urine under variable conditions of water contamination. This was done in a 2-year consecutive study in an endemic population. Exposure of arsenic through water and diet was assessed for participants using arsenic-contaminated water (≥50 μg L?1) in a first year (group I) and for participants using water lower in arsenic (<50 μg L?1) in the next year (group II). Participants with and without arsenical skin lesions were considered in the statistical analysis. Median dose of arsenic intake through drinking water in groups I and II males was 7.44 and 0.85 μg kg body wt.?1 day?1 (p <0.0001). In females, it was 5.3 and 0.63 μg kg body wt.?1 day?1 (p <0.0001) for groups I and II, respectively. Arsenic dose through diet was 3.3 and 2.6 μg kg body wt.?1 day?1 (p?=?0.088) in males and 2.6 and 1.9 μg kg body wt.?1 day?1 (p?=?0.0081) in females. Median arsenic levels in urine of groups I and II males were 124 and 61 μg L?1 (p?=?0.052) and in females 130 and 52 μg L?1 (p?=?0.0001), respectively. When arsenic levels in the water were reduced to below 50 μg L?1 (Indian permissible limit), total arsenic intake and arsenic intake through the water significantly decreased, but arsenic uptake through the diet was found to be not significantly affected. Moreover, it was found that drinking water mainly contributed to variations in urine arsenic concentrations. However, differences between male and female participants also indicate that not only arsenic uptake, but also many physiological factors affect arsenic behavior in the body and its excretion. As total median arsenic exposure still often exceeded 3.0 μg kg body wt.?1 day?1 (the permissible lower limit established by the Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives) after installation of the drinking water filters, it can be concluded that supplying the filtered water only may not be sufficient to minimize arsenic availability for an already endemic population. 相似文献