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排序方式: 共有216条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
191.
Thompson KC Guinamant JL Ingrand V Elwaer AR McLeod CW Schmitz F De Swaef G Quevauviller P 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2000,2(5):416-419
The new European Directive for water intended for human consumption has established a regulatory level for bromate at 10 microg L(-1). This Maximum Admissible Concentration requires analytical methods with detection limits of a least 2.5 microg L(-1). A project funded by the Standards, Measurements and Testing Programme of the European Commission has enabled the improvement and/or development of methods for the determination of bromate at such concentration levels. This collaborative work was concluded by the organisation of an interlaboratory trial involving 26 European laboratories, which enabled the testing of both a draft ISO Standard method and alternative methods. This paper presents the results of this interlaboratory trial, along with results of a bromate stability study. The progress made with respect to the analytical state-of-the-art for bromate will greatly benefit the quality of measurements carried out in water quality monitoring. 相似文献
192.
Genotoxic and teratogenic potential of marine sediment extracts investigated with comet assay and zebrafish test 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Kammann U Biselli S Hühnerfuss H Reineke N Theobald N Vobach M Wosniok W 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2004,132(2):279-287
Organic extracts of marine sediments from the North Sea and the Baltic Sea were investigated with two toxicity assays. The comet assay based on the fish cell line Epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) was applied to determine the genotoxic potential; zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio) were used to quantify the teratogenic potential of the samples. EC(50) values were calculated from dose-response curves for both test systems. Highest teratogenic and genotoxic effects normalised to total organic carbon (TOC) content were detected in sediment samples of different origins. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are not likely to be the causes of the observed effects, as demonstrated by a two-step fractionation procedure of selected extracts. The toxic potential was more pronounced in fractions having polarity higher than those possessed by PAHs and PCBs. The suitability of the two in vitro test systems for assessing genotoxic and teratogenic effects of marine sediment extracts could be demonstrated. 相似文献
193.
Norbert Sachser 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1998,85(7):307-317
Cavia aperea and Galea musteloides) and domestic (Cavia aperea f. porcellus) guinea pigs, which summarizes general rules for many group-living mammals. It is shown that social interactions have consequences
not only for the individuals' reproductive success but also for their degrees of stress and welfare. The way in which individuals
interact is controlled not only by the present environment but also by the previous social experiences which they have gathered
during their behavioral development. Furthermore, the study of ontogeny does not begin at birth, because prenatal social factors
acting on pregnant females can also affect the way in which the offspring will interact when adult. In addition, to understand
the genesis of interactions between domesticated animals implies knowledge of the behavioral and physiological changes which
occurred during the process of domestication. Finally, understanding the social interactions among individuals of the wild
ancestor of the domesticated form requires knowledge of how their behavior patterns were brought about by natural selection
during the process of social evolution. 相似文献
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Romana Brandsch Karl -Ernst Nowak Norbert Binder Bernd Jastorff 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2002,14(3):138-144
To allow ships to pass, most harbours have to be liberated from sedimented material. These sediments often contain high concentrations of tributyltin (TBT), which is used as a biocide in antifouling paints. Thus, the problem of a disposal which is acceptable with respect to a minimum risk for humans and the environment arises. The aim of our project was to assess land deposition as an alternative in dealing with TBT-contaminated harbour sediments. Therefore, we followed the biological degradation of TBT under aerobic and anaerobic conditions at different temperatures using defined laboratory experiments, and got important information about the land deposition, performing field measurements including biomonitoring. The biological degradation of TBT is faster under aerobic conditions and with increasing temperature. The half-lives found show the dependency of the degradation rates on the temperature between 5–55°C. The degradation rate determined for water under the same conditions (just biological degradation, without photolysis) is almost 4 times higher than in sediment. The field studies showed degradation rates of a maximum of 10–15% per year in untreated sediment and 30% per year in restacked sediments. We did not observe any interference of released TBT with ground water or surrounding areas. The TBT uptake in plants was low. Based on our results a multidimensional risk evaluation was performed, concerning the TBT and its degradation products dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutylin (MBT) released from the deposition areas. The land deposition appears to be a sustainable solution for dealing with TBT-contaminated harbour sediments. 相似文献
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199.
Christa?HohoffEmail author Kerstin?Franzen Norbert?Sachser 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2003,53(6):341-349
Promiscuity is traditionally considered to increase only male reproductive success but, more recently, female benefits are also assumed to be the driving force for promiscuous mating. The yellow-toothed cavy (Galea musteloides) is characterised by an extremely high degree of multiple paternity (>80%), and females have greater offspring viability after mating multiple males. However, so far it is not clear whether or not it is the female's decision that leads to mating with more than one male. To elucidate the female's role in bringing about promiscuity, female yellow-toothed cavies were given the choice between four different males each, in a mate-choice apparatus that simultaneously prevented monopolisation and harassment of the females by the males. In 10 of the 12 choice tests, mating occurred. Nine of these ten females actively sought copulations with more than one male, and their mating behaviour was displayed in a way that might have favoured the mixing of sperm. At the same time, they significantly preferred heavier and more frequently courting males. These results show that female yellow-toothed cavies are actively involved in mating with more than one male. Thus, the present study is the first to show that in a species in which females produce more viable offspring as a consequence of polyandrous mating, these females are indeed motivated to actively bring about promiscuity. Nevertheless, females are selective in the choice of their mates. Thus, both sperm competition and direct female choice seem to be important for the increased offspring viability due to promiscuous mating. 相似文献
200.