炭黑尾气中多环烃及痕量元素的含量

测定油炉法炭黑厂尾气中多环烃及痕量元素的工作,是由美国环境保护局发起的,意在研究工业污染源向大气排放污染物的状况。本文给出所发现油炉法炭黑厂尾气中20种多环烃及14种痕量元素的排放指数,按重量计致癌化含物为总多环烃的8%。测定烟气中痕量元素时发现有镉和汞。     

瑞士格劳宾登提劳恩的同变质铀矿化

<正> 铀矿化体产于瑞士格劳宾登前莱茵河谷施兰斯村南坡脚提劳恩地区的碎屑岩中。该矿点是1962年发现的,已打了三个浅钻孔。本文报道对提劳恩铀矿点的一组标本所进行的岩石学、矿物学及 X 光研究结果。并对距其西南约1.5公里,产状相似的特伦矿点做了对比研究。特伦矿点产于塔韦茨山的变质岩中,其主要矿化年龄为303—329百万年,据认为矿化是在华力西变质作用期间的高温热液条件下,由于近矿围岩中金属的活化而形成的。     

为了抗击气候变暖人类可能不得不“弄脏”天空

如果太阳令地球增温过高的话，可能真的需要寻求遮阳物了。所谓的“遮阳物”将是人为向大气层排放以帮助地球降温的一层污染物。该建议是由一个包括一名诺贝尔奖获得者在内的著名科学家小组提出来的。对这个被气候变化专家称为“大规模和极端”的行动．本次联合国气候变化年会的反应是谨慎、好奇和有所保留的。     

川西南阿什及尔期地层中的Ce异常及其古海洋学意义

川西南阿什及尔期地层中的全岩REE分配模式显示 ,含有浮游笔石和小型无铰纲腕足类的黑色页岩具有较低的Ce异常值 (0 .6 2～ 0 .74) ,而含有底栖三叶虫、有铰纲腕足类和藻类的非黑色页岩则具有较高的Ce异常值 (0 .92～ 1.30 )。Ce与其他元素的相关分析进一步揭示 ,Ce与Fe的相关性最好 (r =0 .85 ) ,与P的相关性次之 (r =0 .6 1) ,与Al的相关性较差 (r =0 .2 9) ,而与Mn和Ca几乎不相关 (r =0 .14,r =- 0 .0 2 )。实际观察可能表明 ,研究区底层水体在氧化和碱性条件下 ,Ce氧化为Ce4 + 并进入Fe的氢氧化物和磷酸盐的晶格中 ,或者被吸附到它们的表面 ,造成Ce在氧化水体中呈现负异常而在同期氧化沉积物中呈现正异常或负异常不明显 ;相反 ,在还原和酸性条件下 ,Ce在水体中以 +3价状态富集 ,引起Ce在同期缺氧沉积物中呈现明显负异常。作为古海水氧化还原指示的全岩Ce异常 ,通常限定于解释远洋细粒沉积物的沉积环境。我们的研究结果说明 ,移去化石骨骼 (通常是磷酸盐化石骨骼 )的浅海细粒沉积物同样可以用于全岩REE分析 ,以获得可靠的能够指示古海水氧化还原条件变化的Ce异常     

“特罗依尔”围油栏设计思想及整体可靠性的评价

本报告对围油栏设计的整体要求进行了分析,特别对“特罗依尔”围油栏系统的预期效果作了验证。报告继续评述了在不同的海浪工况和风速条件下进行海上扩大试验时所取得的实践经验和所观察得到的结果,并对设计思想中所假设的性能在实践中所体现的程度作了评价。其结论是:围油栏已取得很大成功,并能期望易于对该围油栏进行大批量生产。围油栏性能良好,并能极其满意地便于操作。非充气式围油栏的储运容器是很小的。与围油栏装在一起的集油井看来是以能导致有助于围住浮油的还样一种方式控制着水流通过该系统,不过这一点还有待讨论。在所进行的这些试验中,使用少量试验浮油势必使得通过该装置集油井后部的浮油回收量有所减少,不过一般认为这一点是次要的,因为可以采用其他方法回收浮油。围油装置将和回收方法一起作为今后进一步的研究课题。     

论米尔加里萨矿床的成因

<正> 包括米尔加里萨铅-锌矿床在内的层控多金属矿床的成因问题,引起了很多研究者的注意。一些人认为这类矿床属于热液(超低温)型,另一些人则认为是成岩或变质作用阶段经过改造的原始沉积成因矿床。     

急需资金的世界环境日

如果日历上有一个日子，是用来鼓励全世界人民摈弃政治行为，只关注全球环境状况，那它就是世界环境日。不幸的是，每年的这一天，不用大张旗鼓地宣传，人们也已经了解世界环境形势岌岌可危。而事实上，今年世界环境日可能标志着国际环境保护资金的撤离。     

A new C12 alcohol identified as a sex pheromone and a trail-following pheromone in termites: the diene (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Z</Emphasis>,<Emphasis Type="Italic">Z</Emphasis>)-dodeca-3,6-dien-1-ol

The diunsaturated C12 alcohol (Z,Z)-dodeca-3,6-dien-1-ol (dodecadienol) has been characterized by GC-MS and FTIR as a novel releaser pheromone in termites. This alcohol identified in Ancistrotermes pakistanicus (Termitidae, Macrotermitinae) possesses a double pheromonal function which again illustrates the chemical parsimony of termites compared with other social insects. In workers, dodecadienol elicits trail-following at a very low concentration (activity threshold at 0.1 pg/cm of trail); in male alates it induces trail-following at a low concentration (1–10 pg/cm) and sexual attraction at a higher concentration (about 1 ng). Traces of the monounsaturated C12 alcohol (Z)-dodec-3-en-1-ol (dodecenol), known as a trail pheromone of several Macrotermitinae, were also found in the sternal gland extracts of A. pakistanicus, although only dodecadienol was present at the surface of the sternal gland. Workers of A. pakistanicus are not sensitive to dodecenol, but they are as sensitive to dodecatrienol as to dodecadienol. However, in the study area (Vietnam), A. pakistanicus is living in sympatry only with those Macrotermitinae using dodecenol as a trail pheromone, the foraging populations therefore being well isolated through their respective trail pheromones. The presence of three types of unsaturated C12 alcohols as releaser pheromones in the only Macrotermitinae subfamily is discussed, and a possible biosynthetic pathway from linoleic acid is proposed for dodecadienol.     

A unique strategy of host colony exploitation in a parasitic ant: workers of<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Polyrhachis lama</Emphasis> rear their brood in neighbouring host nests

The formicine ant Polyrhachis lama is a social parasite, exploiting its ponerine host ant species Diacamma sp. In most social parasitic associations, the parasitic species are closely related to their host species group, evolving directly from independent ancestors of the host species. However, in the Polyrhachis lama–Diacamma sp. association, the associated species belong to different ant subfamilies. Based on preliminary field surveys, we had presumed that P. lama might have given up its reproductive division of labour, i.e. workers would be able to produce males as well as workers and females parthenogenetically. In this study, this hypothesis was disproved: Polyrhachis lama workers cannot be fertilized and are only able to produce males. In the host–parasite association originating from nests possessing a P. lama queen, workers penetrate surrounding Diacamma sp. nests, carrying brood for rearing within these satellite nests. In this peculiar way, a single P. lama colony is able to exploit several Diacamma sp. colonies simultaneously.