Effects of humic acid fractions with different polarities on photodegradation of 2, 4-D in aqueous environments

Four fractions (A, B, C, and D) of humic acids (HAs) were separated based on the polarity from weak to strong. UV-vis absorption and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis show that the fractions C and Dpossessedmore aromatic C=C content. The influences of HAs and their fractions on the photolysis were investigated by the photodegradation of 2,4-D solutions under simulated solar light irradiation. The degradation rate of 2,4-D was found to decrease in the presence of bulk HAs or their fractions especially at high HAs concentration. The fractions of strong polarity C and D retarded the degradation rate more than the fractions of weak polarity A and B. This could be attributed to the different absorption intensity of the four HAs fractions in the order of D ⩾ C > A > B, and the stronger π-π electron donor-acceptor interactions between the strong polar fractions and 2,4-D.     

河口滨岸悬浮颗粒物中多环芳烃分布与风险评价

通过收集长江口滨岸13个典型采样点上覆水中的悬浮颗粒物,分析了悬浮颗粒中多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量水平,探讨了PAHs的来源,并进行了生态风险评价。研究结果显示,EPA14种优控PAHs的总量在600~12 308 ng/g 之间,平均值为5 373 ng/g,其组成主要以3环和4环PAH为主。受附近陆源输入的影响,顾路采样点的PAHs含量最高,此外,临近城市排污、滨岸工业开发区及河道排污口的采样点PAHs含量也较高,如石洞口、金山、白茆、浏河口等。结合PAHs不同环数的相对丰度与同分异构体荧蒽/芘、芘/苯并［a］蒽比值,初步推断出人类油污染及矿物燃料的不完全燃烧是悬浮颗粒物中PAHs的主要来源。此外,参照有关环境质量标准,发现悬浮颗粒物中萘、菲、芴、蒽/苯并［b］荧蒽和苯并［k］荧蒽等化合物已经产生不同程度的生物影响效应。     

水生植物提取液对蓝藻的抑制作用

采用对照试验,模拟研究不同氮磷营养、水温等条件下,添加水生植物（睡莲）提取液对蓝藻生长的抑制作用。实验证实了植物提取液对蓝藻有抑制作用,在不同生长条件下,细胞密度为6×10^7～2×10^10个／L时,可达到降低蓝藻50％的生长率。     

过载、破损及老化风险场景的单芯PVC电缆温升研究*

为研究多风险耦合场景下单芯PVC电缆温升问题,基于传热学理论建立电缆温升方程及热平衡函数,设计过载、破损和老化风险场景的PVC电缆温升试验,测量并分析电缆温升趋势,提出电缆温升数据的稳健拟合方法,并拟合过载、破损-过载、老化-过载及破损-老化-过载组合风险耦合场景下的电缆平衡温升方程。研究结果表明:过载是电缆温升的主要风险因素,破损和老化风险可通过改变传热条件进一步影响电缆温升,量化了耦合风险下单芯PVC电缆的温升规律。研究结果可为电缆内因火灾预警和防控提供参考。     

大位移摩擦摆底层和多层隔震韧性结构∗

结构韧性性能的目标是:在极罕遇地震作用时,结构不发生严重破坏;地震结束后,结构能恢复预期状态,进而恢复建筑功能的性能。隔震是结构韧性性能实现的关键技术,然而,结构隔震层位移响应超过允许值,引发隔震支座破坏,导致其减震性能失效,成为制约该类结构韧性性能目标实现的关键难题。本文以结构层作为滑动面,主体结构整体或滑动面之间的部分结构作为滑动块,提出大位移摩擦摆新型结构,通过隔震层的不同位置以及数量,构建大位移摩擦摆底层和多层隔震结构体系。分别建立该统一分析模型、探明其减震机理证明其良好减震性能,实现韧性结构性能目标。开展结构设计实现和韧性性能评价研究,表明了主体结构、非结构构件和大位移摩擦摆(支座和结构层)等地震损伤和恢复能力。本研究为韧性结构发展提供了结构新体系和关键发展方向。     

On-line controlling system for nitrogen and phosphorus removal of municipal wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR)

The objectives of this study were to establish an on-line controlling system for nitrogen and phosphorus removal synchronously of municipal wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The SBR for municipal wastewater treatment was operated in sequences: filling, anaerobic, oxic, anoxic, oxic, settling and discharge. The reactor was equipped with on-line monitoring sensors for dissolved oxygen (DO), oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and pH. The variation of DO, ORP and pH is relevant to each phase of biological process for nitrogen and phosphorus removal in this SBR. The characteristic points of DO, ORP and pH can be used to judge and control the stages of process that include: phosphate release by the turning points of ORP and pH; nitrification by the ammonia valley of pH and ammonia elbows of DO and ORP; denitrification by the nitrate knee of ORP and nitrate apex of pH; phosphate uptake by the turning point of pH; and residual organic carbon oxidation by the carbon elbows of DO and ORP. The controlling system can operate automatically for nitrogen and phosphorus efficiently removal. __________ Translated from Water & Wastewater Engineering, 2006, 26(5): 728–733 [译自: 给水排水]     

崇明东滩滨海围垦湿地CO_2通量贡献区分析

利用通量贡献区模型(FSAM)对崇明东滩滨海围垦湿地生长季和非生长季的CO2通量贡献区(Footprint)进行分析,结果表明:(1)135°~225°方向为生长季主风向,而315°~45°方向为非生长季主风向。(2)在生长季主风向,大气稳定状态下的Footprint函数取得最大值时的位置(Xm)为96.84 m,90%的通量信息来源于迎风向41.04~378.20 m、垂直迎风向-79.73~79.73 m范围内;而大气不稳定状态下的Xm为75.28 m,90%的通量信息来源于迎风向33.83~257.07 m、垂直迎风向-82.29~82.29 m范围内。在非生长季主风向,大气稳定状态下的Xm为82.68 m,90%的通量信息来源于迎风向36.73~282.49 m、垂直迎风向-120.31~120.31 m范围内;而大气不稳定状态下的Xm为56.49 m,90%的通量信息来源于迎风向25.90~179.90 m、垂直迎风向-76.30~76.30 m范围内。(3)非主风向贡献区分布与主风向有相似的规律。在生长季和非生长季,大气稳定状态下的贡献区面积均要大于大气不稳定状态下的贡献区面积;而在相同的大气稳定状态下,生长季的贡献区面积要大于非生长季。(4)在非生长季,主风向观测的垂直迎风向范围要远大于其他风向,这可能和该条件下的横向风速脉动标准差与摩擦风速的比值(σv/u*)较大有关。     

煤粉燃烧性与工业分析、着火温度的相关性研究

喷吹煤粉燃烧性是生产中的一个重要参数,实时掌握原煤燃烧性的波动变化对保证喷煤的安全和稳定十分必要。直接测量煤粉燃烧性的方法成本高,时间长,操作复杂,不利于生产应用;采用测定煤的工业分析和着火温度的方法简单易行,应用范围广泛。该文针对某炼铁厂的15种原煤,进行了工业分析和着火温度的实验研究,引入了统计学中相关系数的概念对数据进行了处理分析,实验证明煤的挥发分和着火温度与煤粉的燃烧性高度线性相关,此方法为利用两参数间接分析煤粉燃烧性提供了理论基础。     

阜山金矿进回风巷粉尘孔粒径分布及其分形特征

为探究金属矿井下粉尘孔粒径特征,以阜山金矿为例,系统研究其进风巷粉尘(IAD)、回风巷粉尘(RAD)的孔粒径分布(PSD)情况.首先,利用激光粒度分析仪与扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、低温液氮吸附仪分别测试粉尘粒径与孔参数,然后利用分形理论计算并分析其粒度分形维数与孔分形维数.结果 表明:RAD粒径比IAD粒径小,两者最可...