典型水源地地下水污染风险评价

地下水污染是由含水层本身的脆弱性与人类活动产生的污染负荷造成的。污染物的荷载可以控制或改变,但是含水层的敏感性是本质的、天然的特性。污染风险不仅取决于相对稳定、不宜改变的含水层天然特征,还取决于主观的污染活动。因此,从地下水天然防污性能、地下水污染源荷载以及地下水社会效益3个方面评价了典型水源地地下水受污染的风险。     

Information system with multiple data layer approach to select the C&D waste landfilling infrastructure

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Landfilling is a critical method in managing massive generated C&D waste, and the appropriate selection of C&D waste landfill sites...     

Growth and physiological responses of Pennisetum sp. to cadmium stress under three different soils

Pennisetum sp. was employed as a model species to detect the growth and physiological response to cadmium (Cd) stress at different Cd concentrations (0, 20, 50, and 100 mg kg⁻¹) in three types of soils (yellow brown soil, yellow soil, and red soil). Results showed that the growth of Pennisetum sp. was not significantly influenced by Cd in 20 mg kg⁻¹, but significantly inhibited at higher Cd concentrations in three types of soils. Besides, the higher Cd concentrations, the lower root, stem, and leaf biomass. With Cd concentration of soil increasing, Cd content of root, stem, and leaf increased. Compared with no Cd, high Cd concentrations (50 and 100 mg kg⁻¹) induced the physiological indices (photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate) and biochemical indices (nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate synthase activities) decreasing, but the concentration of NO₃⁻ and NH₄⁺ increasing. The activity of antioxidative enzymes (SOD, POD, and CAT) was disrupted and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) increasing. Pennisetum sp. could protect cells from damage and maintain normal physiological metabolism via increasing the production of soluble sugar and soluble protein, but soluble proteins and soluble sugars were limited in high concentrations of Cd (50 and 100 mg kg⁻¹). Moreover, the growth and physiological response to Cd are different in the three types of soils. The growth of Pennisetum sp. in yellow brown soil was better than that in other two soils, and the gas exchange rate, antioxidant enzyme activity, and nitrogen metabolism in yellow soil and red soil were more affected by Cd stress than that in yellow brown soil. Overall, Pennisetum sp. had certain tolerance and biosorption ability to Cd in different Cd concentrations and different types of soil. Hence, Pennisetum sp. was a suitable choice for Cd remediation, especially in yellow brown soil.

     

天山中部公路建设对生态环境的影响及对策——以G218线新源至库尔勒段公路改建工程为例

改建长度为303.97km的新源至库尔勒段公路穿越4个不同类型的气候区以及4个结构、功能各异的生态区段,沿途经过那拉提风景旅游区和巩乃斯国家级森林公园.通过评价该公路改建和运营对生态环境的影响,并结合公路改建前多年运营以来沿线生态系统的自然恢复程度的调查,提出一些人为缓解和恢复的对策.     

有关全球气候变化问题上的公平性分析

从《联合国气候变化》了发，对人类社会应对气候变化中的“公平”性问题，从不同角度进行了系统讨论。对发展中国家和发达国家在公平原则下责任、义务及优先事项的差别进行了分析，提出并分析了以人均碳排放权相等为标准，到目标年（例2100年）各国人均碳排放量及过渡期内（例1990-2100）人均累积碳排放量两个趋同的碳排放权分配原则。     

生物型煤固硫技术

研究出生物型煤的生产工艺流程，对型煤和生物型煤的固流效果进行了对比。成功地试验生产出固硫性能优良的生物型煤，为消除煤能源利用中的硫污染开辟了新途径。     

基于遗传算法的改进BP神经网络模型在水质评价中的应用

为了确定水体类别，引入人工神经网络理论并通过建立BP神经网络模型对水体的质量、利用价值和处理要求进行评价。针对BP网络应用中存在的问题，建立了基于遗传算法的改进BP神经网络模型，并阐述了训练样本产生、数据归一化、构建网络拓扑结构、初始权重及阀值确定等应用过程。通过实例分析表明，该模型应用于水质评价具有客观性和实用性。     

大庆市水污染引起的生态压力及对策

大庆市人均水资源占有量仅1208 m3,人均水资源占有量仅为全国平均水平的54%,单位土地面积水资源量为全国平均水平的50%,人均供水量相当于全国平均水平的70%,水源性缺水和水质性缺水并存,属中度缺水地区.随着污水排放量的增加和面源污染的加剧,大庆市的水环境存在一系列的问题,在分析了大庆市水环境存在问题的基础上,提出了水环境污染防治的一些对策和建议.     

沿海农田林网建设关键技术的经济学择优

对江苏沿海地区农田林网的经营类型、造林树种、林带配置进行了技术经济学分析和多目标灰色局势决策择优。结果表明：农田林网经营类型宜选择复合经营的果材兼用型林网。造林树种可选择速生丰产的杨树等用材树种和经济效益高的桃树等果树。林网配置在海堤河岸上选择用材树种，营造基干林带，筑起大网格框架；在道路沟渠上立体配置林果树种，营造主林带和副林带，构建中网格；在脱盐排水沟上添加果树辅助林带，建立小网格，形成多树种多林种合作、大中小网格配套、多道防线联防、多效益多产品产出的复合配置模式。